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Öğe The Determination of Growth Curve Models in Malya Sheep from Weaning to Two Years of Age(ANKARA UNIV, FAC AGR, 2013) Aytekin, Rabia Gökçe; Zülkadir, UğurThis research was carried out to determine the growth curve models for Malya ewes. Twenty sheep were fed ad-libitum with roughages from weaning to approximately 48 month of age. Each sheep was provided with 200 g concentrate feed (16% CP; 2500 kcal kg(-1) metabolic energy) until the end of mating period and then 250 g from the end of mating period to the middle of gestation period. Towards the last month of pregnancy, the daily amount of concentrate feed was gradually increased to 500 g. Twenty sheep were weighed at 28 days intervals in 45 different control periods between weaning age through 2 years of age. The growth curve parameters, coefficients of determination (R-2), mean square predicted errors (MSPE) and correlations between live weights and residuals (RESC) were determined for Linear, Quadratic, Cubic, Gompertz and Logistic models by using live weight data of Malya sheep. The highest R-2 values, the lowest MSPE and RESC values, similarity between actual and estimated live weight values were used to evaluate the fitness of the growth curve models. R-2 values of Linear, Quadratic, Cubic, Gompertz and Logistic model were determined as 83.13%, 91.04%, 92.04%, 91.55% and 91.22%, respectively, while MSPE values were 65.900, 34.657, 30.894, 32.956 and 34.101, respectively. Also, RESC values were found as 0.469, 0.287, 0.279, 0.299 and 0.333, respectively. These findings revealed that the best fit to the growth curves of Malya ewes was acquired with Cubic Model. However, all models can be accepted satisfactory to determine the growth in this period except for linear model. These results can be useful for farmers in defining proper breeding and feeding strategies.Öğe Development Characteristics of Holstein Friesian Calves between Birth to Four Months of Age Reared in a Private Farm in Konya Province in Eregli District(KAHRAMANMARAS SUTCU IMAM UNIV REKTORLUGU, 2019) Gürdal, Mehmet; Zülkadir, UğurIn this study. 536 of head Holstein Calf in a modern dairy cattle farm in Eregli district of Konya province were subjected. In the study, birth weight, 60th day weight, 120th day weight, daily live weight gain between birth to 60 days period, daily live weight, gain bet ween 60 to 120 days period, daily live weight gain between birth to 120 days period averages were determined as 37.94 +/- 4.38 kg, 77.34 +/- 5.71 kg. 123.58 +/- 9.92 kg, 0.622 +/- 0.044 kg, 0.768 +/- 0.179 kg and 0.687 +/- 0.031 kg, respectively. The effect of birth month and number of births of mother on birth weight was found to be significant at P <0.01 level. The effect of birth month on 60th days weight was found to be significant at P <0.05 level. Also. the effect of number of births of mother on 120 days weight was significant P<0.05 level. The effect of birth year on daily live weight gain at the birth to 60 days period was significant at P<0.01 level. Also, the effect of birth month on daily live weight gain at. the 60 days to 120 days period was significant at P<0.05 level. The effect of birth month and birth year on daily live weight gain at the birth to 120 days period was significant at P<0.01 level.Öğe The Effect of Colostrum Quality and Immunoglobulin Amount on Development up to Weaning Period in Holstein Friesian Calves(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019) Dedeoğlu, Kaan; Zülkadir, UğurThis study was conducted to determine the quality of given colostrum to calves born in three different dairy farms in Eregli district of Konya and to investigate the development of calves up to 60th day. A total of 71 calves were used in the study. 32 of them were male and 39 of them were female. The effect of sex, enterprises, number of birth and birth month were examined on the colostrum characteristics. Birth weight, 60th day weight, colostrum dry matter, colostrum specific gravity, serum IgG, IgM, IgA at birth and IgG, IgM and IgA values at 60th day averages were determined as 41.78 ± 4.30 kg, 79.57 ± 10.17, kg, 28.60 ± 2.33, 1067.40 ± 9.85 g / L, 0.03638 ± 0.005, 0.0801 ± 0.0041 and 0.0391 ± 0.0045; 0.0342 ± 0.0050, 0.0364 ± 0.0041 and 0.0181 ± 0.0045 mg / L, respectively. The effect of sex on birth weight was statistically significant at P<0.01 level, and the effect of the number of births and enterprises on birth weight was statistically significant at P<0.05 level. The effect of any factor on sixty-day weight was not statistically significant. The effect of birth number on colostrum DM was statistically significant at P<0.01 level. The effect of period factor was very important (P<0.01) for IgM and IgA, but it was insignificant for IgG.Öğe The effects of some environmental factors on birth weight and estimation of heritability and repeatability for birth weight of akkaraman sheep in konya province(2018) Öztürk, Ayhan; Doğan, Şükrü; Zülkadir, Uğur; Kayar, HalilIn this research, the effects of dam age and type of birth and sex of lambs on birth weightof Akkaraman lambs was investigated at village conditions in Konya province.Additionally, the heritability and repeatability of birth weight was estimated. The Least-squares means of birth weight was 4.070.04 kg. The effects of dam age, year, birth typeand sex on birth weight were found statistically significant. The heritability andrepeatability of birth weight were found as 0.0520.04 and 0.1300.04, respectively.Öğe Evaluation of ISSR markers for genetic diversity analysis in Anatolian Water Buffaloes(WILEY, 2011) Aytekin, İbrahim; Özdil, Fulya; Zülkadir, Uğur; Boztepe, Saim; Sarıyel, VahdettinBACKGROUND: The utilisation of molecular markers has increased in molecular research recently. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers allow the analysis of genomes without preliminary sequence information, since random primers are used. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate ISSR markers for assessing the genetic diversity of indigenous Anatolian Water Buffaloes reared in Afyon, Konya and Sivas provinces of Turkey, with a view to conservation of the gene resources. RESULTS: The 11 ISSR primers chosen for the analysis revealed a total of 110 bands, of which 76(69.09%) were polymorphic. Also, genetic similarity, polymorphic information content (PIC), resolving power (R-p) and mean resolving power ((R-p) over bar), heterozygosity (H) and Shannon index (I) were calculated as 0.9479-0.9562, 0.35 +/- 0.20, 2.73, 0.27, 0.18 +/- 0.07 and 0.28 +/- 0.11, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ISSR markers were found to be promising for assessing the genetic diversity in buffalo populations. Potential genetic parameters such as PIC, R-p, (R-p) over bar, H and I were effectively used in this study. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical IndustryÖğe Genetic Analyses for Milk Yield, Lactation Period and Fat Percentage in Brown Swiss Cattle(MEDWELL ONLINE, 2009) Zülkadir, Uğur; Aytekin, İbrahim; Pala, AkınIn this study, a total of 733 milk yield records of Brown Swiss cows raised at Konuklar State Farm in Konya Province in Turkey were used for estimation of phenotypic and genetic parameters for milk yield, lactation period and fat percentage. The Phenotypic and genetic parameters were estimated by the MTDFREML program using Multiple Trait Animal Model. The model included individual, permanent environment and errors as random effects, year and season of calving, parity, year and age as fixed effects and days in milk as a covariate for milk yield; milk yield as a covariate for lactation period and milk yield and lactation period as covariate for fat percentage. Genetic parameters and breeding value of cow, sire and dam for milk yield in kg, for lactation period in days and for fat percentage in percent were estimated. Cow breeding values ranged from -3006-1724 kg for milk yield, from 10.81-14.22 days for lactation period and from -1.48-0.97% for fat percentage. Likewise, dam breeding values ranged from -1628-862 kg, from -5.69-7.74 days and from -0.76-0.48% for the same traits, respectively. Sire breeding value ranged between -1129 and 862 kg, -8.63 and 5.73 days and -0.68 and 0.83% for the above mentioned traits, respectively. Estimates of heritability were 0.33, 0.11 and 0.39 for milk yield, lactation period and fat percentage, respectively. The genetic correlation between milk yield and fat percentage was positive and high (0.95), whereas the genetic correlation between lactation period and milk yield and between lactation period and fat percentage was negative, -0.49 and -0.73, respectively. Repeatability estimates were 0.34, 0.47 and 0.54 for the same traits, respectively.Öğe Investigation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP-3) Polymorphism in Anatolian Black and Holstein Friesian Cattle Breeds(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2020) Fadhıl, Marwan; Aytekin, İbrahim; Zülkadir, UğurInsulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene is a structural gene which is associated with development and growth in livestock. The present study aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of IGFBP-3 gene in Holstein Friesian (HF) and Anatolian Black (AB) cattle breeds. BsuRI (GG?CC) restriction enzyme was used to detect of IGFBP-3 gene polymorphism. Although Anatolian Black breed was monomorphic (AA genotype), three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected in Holstein Friesian breed by digestion of PCR products with BsuRI. The A and B allele frequencies were 0.57 and 0.43, respectively, in Holstein Friesian breed, while A allele frequency was 1.00 in Anatolian Black breed. AA, AB and BB genotype frequencies were 0.32, 0.50 and 0.18, respectively in the Holstein Friesian breed. All three possible genotypes weare detected in Holstein Friesian breed. In the analysis made taking into account Hardy-Weingberg equilibrium, significant deviation was not observed in terms of genotype distributions (P>0.05). In other words, the Holstein Friesian cattle population was found in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Öğe Konuklar (Konya) Tarım İşletmesinde yetiştirilen esmer sığırların bazı verim özelliklerinin fenotipik ve genetik parametreleri(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2001-07-18) Zülkadir, Uğur; Boztepe, SaimBu araştırmada, Konuklar Tanın işletmesinde yetiştirilen Esıner sığırlarda süt verüniyle ilgili iki, döl verimi ile ilgili alti özellik bakımından performanslar ve bu verimlere ait fenotipik ve genetik parametreler hesaplanmıştır. İncelenen Özelliklere ait en küçük kareler ortalamaları İlk Damızlıkta Kullanma Yaşı (İDKY), İlk Buzağılama Yaşı (İBY), Servis Periyodu (SP), Gebelik Süresi (GS), Buzağılama Aralığı (BA), Gebelik Başına Tohumlama Sayısı (GBTS), Süt Verimi (SV) ve Laktasyon Süresi (LS) için sırasıyla 623.19 ± 3.88 gün, 943.49 ± 4.42 gün, 118.70 ± 6.75 gün, 285.92 ± 0.83 gün, 387.47 ± 2.99 gün, 1.533 ± 0.04, 6173.48 ± 102.92 kg ve 303.85 ± 5.78 gün olarak hesaplanmışür. Bu özelliklere ait kalıtım dereceleri sırasıyla 0.766 ± 0.242, 0.214 ± 0.201, 0.074 ± 0.096, 0.053 ± 0.046, 0.131 ± 0.146, 0.331 ± 0.122, 0.107 ±0.119 ve 0.226 ± 0.156, SP, GS, BA, GBTS, SV ve LS için hesaplanan tekrarlanma dereceleri ise aynı sırayla 0.089 ± 0.071, 0.151 ± 0.059, 0.103 ± 0.101, 0.143 ± 0.047, 0. 188 ± 0.085 ve 0.23 1 ± 0.084 olarak hesaplanmışür. u k Araştırmada, İDKY, SP, SV ve LS üzerine yılın etkisi (p<0.01), GS üzerine buzağı cinsiyetinin etkisi (p<0.01), BA üzerine yaşın etkisi (p<0.01), GBTS ve SV üzerine yaşın etkisi (p<0.05), BA üzerine laktasyon sırası ve buzağılama mevsiminin etkisi (p<0.01), GBTS üzerine gebelik sırasının etkisi (p<0.05) istatistik bakımdan önemli bulunmuştur. Yılın İBY, GS, BA, GBTS üzerine, yaşın SP, GS ve LS üzerine, laktasyon sırasının SP üzerine, buzağılama sırasının SV ve LS üzerine ve buzağılama mevsiminin SV ve LS üzerine olan etkileri istatistik olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur (p>0.05).Öğe Relationship between Persistency Values Defined with Various Methods and Some Lactation Traits of Brown Swiss Cattle in Turkey(GARUDA SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, 2008) Zülkadir, Uğur; Aytekin, İbrahim; Keskin, İsmailThe study was conducted to compute the persistency values of the animals in different lactation periods with various methods drawing upon 3695 test day milk yield of 182 lactations of Brown Swiss cattle in Konya Konuklar Agricultural Enterprise. The computed persistency values of the animals in the first lactation were different (P<0.01) from the other lactations. Lactation number (P<0.05) and calving seasons (P<0.01) effected persistency values. The phenotypic correlation of the methods within the group and with lactation milk yield, lactation period, daily average milk yield and daily maximum milk yield were highly significant (P<0.01). The Solkner and Fuchs's model based on standard deviation of 305 d lactation period showed the highest phenotypic correlation for lactation milk yield (LMY), daily average milk yield (DAMY), daily maximum milk yield (DMMY), and the best fit to the data collected from Brown Swiss cattle and allowed a suitable description of the shape of the lactation curve.Öğe Replacement of Whole Milk by Milk Replacer in the Ration of Holstein-Friesian Calves Raised in Eastern Turkey(2000) Yanar, Mete; Yüksel, Sadrettin; Zülkadir, UğurThe rearing of dairy calves in Turkey depends mainly on the feeding of cow's milk. Although whole milk is the ideal feed for young calves, the milk replacers are cheaper than whole milk, and they are also economically feasible means of reducing calf feeding cost. Also, considerable labour can be saved by using milk replica as source of feed for young calves (Economides and Georghiades 1983). The milk replacers are more easily adapted to the labour and facility needs of calf raising operation than whole milk (Heinrichs 1992). In addition to these advantages, the milk replacers give opportunity to save milk for human consumption (Gampawar and Lanore 1984).Öğe Siyah Alaca sığırlarda hemoglobin polimorfizmi(2004) Zülkadir, Uğur; Keskin, İsmail; Sarıyel, VahdettinBu çalışmada Konya'da özel bir işletmede yetiştirilen Siyah Alaca sığırların hemoglobin polimorfizmi araştırılmıştır. İşletmede bulunan 65 baş sığırdan kan alınarak hemoglobin tipleri bakımından analiz yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda iki hemoglobin alleli belirlenmiş; bunlardan Hb A'nın gen frekansı 0.9615, Hb B'nin gen frekansı ise 0.0385 olarak tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen Siyah Alaca sığır populasyonunun Hb lokusu bakımından dengede olduğu görülmüştür.Öğe Sütün kova ve emzikli kova ile verilmesinin Esmer buzağılarda büyüme ve yemden yararlanma üzerine etkisi(2004) Yanar, Mete; Yüksel, Sadrettin; Turgut, Leyla; Zülkadir, UğurBu araştırma normal kova ve emzikli kova ile sütle beslemenin erken sütten kesim programında yetiştirilen Esmer huzağıların büyüme performansı ve yemden yararlanma özellikleri üzerine etkilerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yirmiyedi baş yeni doğmuş Esmer buzağı (15 erkek, 12 dişi) normal kova ve emzikli kova muamele gruplarına ayrılmış ve 5 hafta süreyle tam yağlı sütle beslenmiştir. Sütle besleme döneminde, buzağılara verilen süt miktarı buzağıların doğum ağırlıklarının % 8'i kadar sabit bir düzeyde tutulmuştur. Kova veya emzikli kova ile sütle beslenen buzağılarda sırasıyla sütten kesim (44.11.9 kg ve 46.41.4 kg) ve 6 ay ağırlıkları (136.03.5 ve 142.82.6 kg) bakımından istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar bulunmamıştır. Doğum-sütten kesim ve doğum-6 ay arası toplam canlı ağırlık artışları ile yemden yararlanma özellikleri de sütün verilme yöntemlerinden önemli derecede etkilenmemiştir. Doğum ile 6 aylık yaş arası dönemde, vücut uzunluğu, cidago yüksekliği, göğüs derinliği, göğüs çevresi ve ön incik çevresi gibi vücut ölçülerindeki artış üzerine de sütün verilme yöntemlerinin önemli bir etkisi olmamıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar normal kova ile sütle beslemenin emzikli kovaya kıyasla önemli derecede fark oluşturmayacağını göstermiştir. Emzikli kova yerine daha ekonomik olan normal kova kullanımının erken sütle besleme programlarında buzağıların büyüme performansı ve yemden yararlanma özelliklerine herhangi bir olumsuz etki yapmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.Öğe The Use Of Fuzzy Logıc Approach In Evaluatıon Of Sublınıc Mastıtıs(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2018) Coşkun, Fatma Sinem; Zülkadir, UğurThis study was carried out with the aim of investigating the possibility ofdetection of subclinical mastitis in the number of somatic cell count and electrical conductivity by using fuzzy logic method in Holstein cows raised in aprivate farm in the Karapinar district of Konya.As a result of the analysis, mean of somatic cell count was 348153 ± 52340and average of electrical conductivity was 4.23 ± 0.18. Linear regression ofelectrical conductivity and milk fat to somatic cell count were found statistically significant (P<0.01), while the parity was insignificant to the somatic cellscount. For the electrical conductivity, the effect of the parity, animal group andthe protein group was very important (P <0.001) and the effect of the milk fatgroup was significant (P<0.05). In the analysis according to the fuzzy logicmethod, the accuracy ratio between the number of somatic cells count and theelectrical conductivity was determined as 92.45%.As a result, 92% of subclinical mastitis can be correctly detected using thenumber of somatic cells and electrical conductivity values.
