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The Effects of Exercise on Antioxidant System and Some Blood Parameters at Experimental Diabetic Rats
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021 Ağustos) Mehtap, Bekir; Durgun, Zafer
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of exercise on antioxidant system (MDA, SOD, GSH) and some blood parameteres (plasma insuline, glucose, ALT, AST) in rats with experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ). In the study, 32 adult Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups as control (C), exercise (E), diabetes (D) and diabetes+exercise (DE). Diabetes was induced in D and DE by intraperitoneal injection with a single dose of 60 mg/kg STZ. After the diabetes was induced, swimming exercise was applied to E and DE for 5 days / 30 min a week for 4 weeks. According to the findings obtained; there was a significant decrease in D and DE compared to C. Plasma glucose levels decreased in DE with exercise in the diabetic groups. While ALT levels increased significantly in diabetic groups compared to others, it was found that exercise did not make a difference in diabetics. However, the increase in AST levels was statistically significant only in D. When serum MDA levels were examined, a significant decrease was observed in DE compared to D. While there was a significant decrease in serum SOD levels in the diabetic groups compared to C. The diabetic groups and DE and E were similar to each other. A significant decrease was observed in GSH levels in D. This difference was also detected between diabetic groups.As a result; in the study it was concluded that regular aerobic exercise improved glycemic control, has a lipid peroxidation-reducing effect and may hava a positive effect on strengthening the antioxidant system in diabetes.
Investigation of Agility Performance ın Some Anthropometric Variables for Young Male Soccer Players
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021 Ağustos) Böge, Veysel; Kaplan, Turgut; Taşkın, Halil
Bu çalışmanın amacı, genç erkek futbolcularda çeviklik performansının antropometrik değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Yüz altmış dokuz sağlıklı genç erkek futbolcu (10, 11, 12, 13 ve 14 yaş) araştırmaya katılmıştır. 169 genç erkek futbolcunun yaş ortalamaları 12.31±1.29 yıl, boy uzunluğu ortalamaları 153.28±9.79 cm, vücut ağırlığı ortalamaları 44.18±10.30 kg ve vücut kütle indeksi (VKİ) 18.57± 2.82 kg/m2 dir. Boy, vücut kütle indeksi, vücut ağırlığı, 5-0-5 çeviklik testi, Pro-agility testi, T testi ve Illinois çeviklik testi dereceleri 169 genç futbolcudan toplanmıştır. Vücut ağırlığı; çeviklik, 5-0-5 çeviklik testi, T testi ve Illinois çeviklik testleri için anlamlı bir gösterge iken, yaş parametresi de çeviklik, T testi ve Illinois çeviklik testinin anlamlı bir göstergesidir. Ayrıca boy parametresi 5-0-5 çeviklik testi, T testi ve Illinois çeviklik testi için önemli bir göstergedir. Bunun yanı sıra, vücut kütle indeksi ise T testi ve Illinois çeviklik testinin önemli bir belirleyicisidir. Vücut ağırlığı daha fazla olan futbolcular, bu çalışmada tüm çeviklik testlerinde daha iyi performans göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, 12 yaşından sonra olgunlaşmadaki küçük bir fark, çeviklik performansında büyük bir gelişime sebep olarak boy ve vücut ağırlığında önemli bir değişime yol açmaktadır.
Examination of the Resilience Levels of Women and Men Do Sport in Gyms
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019 Eylül) Kıvrak, Ali Osman; Akandere, Mehibe
The aim of this study is to examine the resilience levels of women and men do sports in gyms. In line with this purpose, it was aimed to compare the resilience levels of men and women do sports in gyms by gender, age, educational status and occupational status variables. A total of 432 members, 229 women and 203 men, participated to the study voluntarily. The short resilience scale used in the study was developed by Smith et al. (2008) and adapted into Turkish by Doğan (2015). Variance and homogeneity of data were tested by using descriptive statistics in capturing of data. In the case of pairwise comparisons, independent sample t test, One-way Anova test in multiple comparisons and Tukey HSD test in determination of source of variance were used Cronbach's Alpha value for this study was set to 78. While there was no statistical significance observed in the resilience mean values of the members depending on the age, education and profession factors, it was found to be the average value of men members was statistically higher than women members (Table 1, p<0.05). As a conclusion; the reason why men members have more positive resilience values compared to women members can be explained to be eventuated due to socio-cultural structure, social roles and statuses, and social understanding and privilege given to men.
The Effects of Methenolone Enanthate Supplement With Exercise on Rats’ Bones
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019 Eylül) Özdemir, Mehmet; Lök, Sefa
It is known that anabolic steroids are used by athletes to increase their performance and cause many health problems. This study aims to analyze the effects of methenolone enanthate supplement with exercise on rats’ bones. The study was conducted with 28 28-day-old Wistar male rats obtained from the Chair of the Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center of Selcuk University. The rats were allocated into four groups: C (control, n:6), E (exercise, n:7), M (methenolone enanthate, n:7) and ME (methenolone enanthate+exercise, n:8). The required doses were arranged weekly depending on the rats’ live weight for the groups given methenolone enanthate. The rats’ front and back extremity bones were dissected, and the humerus and femur bones were dried. Each bone’s length, corpus thickness, cortex thickness and medullary diameter points were determined. The results were presented as mean±SD. ANOVA and Duncan's test were used for inter-group comparison of the data. The threshold for statistical significance was p<0.05. The femur length was 32.46±0.29 in the C group, 32.60±0.64 in the E group, 31.37±0.50 in the ME group and 31.67±0.52 in the M group. The humerus length was 26.42±0.28 in the C group,26.23±0.59 in the E group, 25.31±0.40 in the ME group and 25.35±0.45 in the M group. The femur and humerus length was statistically significantly shorter in the groups that received methenolone enanthate supplement (M and ME) than that of the other two groups (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the C, E, M and ME groups in terms of the cortex and corpus thickness and medullary diameter of their femur and humerus bones (p>0.05). It was concluded based on the study results that methenolone enanthate supplement causes early epiphyseal closure in rats’ femur and humerus bones and stops the increase in these bones’ length. In addition, exercise was found not to reduce this negative effect of methenolone enanthate. Although the prohibited substances classified as anabolics are considered to increase performance by some athletes, these substances are not recommended for use due to their negative effects on athletes’ health.
Comparison of Plasma NPY and Zinc Levels of Elite Weightlifters and Sedentaries
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021 Ağustos) Arıkan, Şükran; Akkuş, Hasan; Halifeoğlu, İhsan; Baltacı, Abdulkerim Kasım
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a strong stimulant of nutrition, and zinc, which has an important effect on nutrition regulation, have attracted the attention of many researchers. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma NPY and zinc levels in elite weightlifters. Thirty healthy subjects between the ages of 18-27 participated in the study voluntarily. The subjects were composed of two equal groups: the control group who did not exercise regularly and the elite weightlifters who did regular training. Plasma NPY (ELISA) and zinc levels (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) were determined in blood samples collected from subjects. Statistical evaluation of the data was performed using Minitab for Windows, Release 13.0 computer software. Arithmetic means and standard deviations of all parameters were calculated. Variance analysis was used to determine the differences between groups. The Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) was employed to compare group means obtained from the variance analyses that were found statistically significant. When serum NPY and zinc values were compared between the groups, it was found that NPY levels of elite weightlifters were higher than controls (p <0.01) and zinc levels were lower (p <0.01). The findings of the study show that physical activity leads to changes in NPY and zinc release. As a result, there may be a critical relationship between these changes and physical performance.
The Effect of the First Goal on the Score of the Match and Home Advantage in Football: Analysis of Turkish Super League and 1st League in Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic Periods
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021 Aralık) Göral, Kemal; Hadi, Gökhan; Yıldırım, Serdar
The present study was conducted to examine and analyze the home advantage in the Turkish Soccer Super League and TFF 1st Soccer League matches played pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The study data that were obtained by evaluating the results of the competitions played in the last two seasons (2019-2020 and 2020-2021) were analyzed by using the number of matches won by the teams as the home and away teams, the effects of the first goal scored on the score of the match, and the home advantage. The data obtained in this way were recorded in the SPSS 18.0 programme, was then interpreted by calculating the frequency and percentage values. In the last two seasons that were examined, as the pre-pandemic period, the home advantage was found to be 53.57% in a total of 486 matches in the Super League and TFF 1st League in the 2019-2020 season, and the home advantage value was 52.42% in the Super league, and 54.37% in the TFF1 League. In the 2020-2021 season, which has been continued during the pandemic process, the percentage of total home advantage in 420 matches in the Super League and 306 matches in the TFF 1st League was found to be 50.64%, and the percentage of home advantage values decreased to 50.79% in the Super League and 50.43% TFF 1st Soccer League. Pre pandemic period, after the first goal scored by the home teams in the competitions in the 2019-2020 season, 61.11% of the matches in the TFF 1st League, and 72.97% in the Super League ended with a win; and in the 2020-2021 season of the pandemic period, 74.52% of the matches ended with a win in the Super League, and 77.85% of them resulted in a win in the TFF 1st League. As a result, the rate of leaving the football pitch with a win after the first goal in the matches played in both the Super League and the 1st League was found to be quite high. Based on this viewpoint, it can be argued that the first goal scored in football competitions is an important factor affecting the result directly. However, it is considered that the spectator factor plays an important role in the home advantage in football based on the fact that the home advantage values of the football teams decreased in the season played with spectators compared to the values in the games played in the season without spectators.
Analyzing the Alexithymia Scores of University Students Who Do and Do Not Do Sports
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021 Aralık) Gözen, İlhan; Yalçın, Yahya Gökhan; Kıvrak, Ali Osman; Demir, Banu
This study is conducted to analyze the differences in the alexithymia scores of university students who do and do not do sports. In total, 365 university students participated voluntarily in the study. 189 (106 men and 83 women) of them were licensed for at least 2 years in a team or individual sports branches, and 176 (98 men and 78 women) of them did not do sports. In order to reach the data of the study, the personal information form which is developed by researchers, and the Toronto alexithymia scale with 20 questions developed by Bagby et al. in 1994 (2) and adapted into Turkish by Güleç et al.(10) have been used. According to the results of the research, no significant differences were found in the total alexithymia scores and the subdimensions of Difficulty in Recognizing Emotions, Difficulty in Expressing Emotions, and Extraverted Thinking in accordance of the gender of university students who do and do not do sports.
The Effect of Plyometric Training on Some Motoric and Technical Parameters in 13-15 Age Soccer Players
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021 Aralık) Çalışkan, Ömer; Arıkan, Şükran
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of regular plyometric training on some motoric and technical parameters of young soccer players in addition to regular soccer training. A total of 25 male volunteers (13 training group, 12 control group) aged between 13-15 studying at Konyaspor Infrastructure Soccer School participated in the study. The training group followed an 8-weeks, 2 days a week and 30 minutes plyometric training program in addition to the regular soccer training. The control group players continued their normal soccer training. In order to determine some motoric and technical characteristics of the players body weight of all participants were recorded before and after the study. Also vertical jump, standing long jump, T agility test, 20 meter sprint, speed dripling test, and Mor-Christian shot ability test measurements were taken. SPSS 22.0 IBM statistical package program was used to evaluate the data obtained within the scope of the research. In order to determine the difference between the groups, t test was used in independent groups and paired sample t test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test values. According to the research findings when the pre-test and post-test values of the training and control groups were compared, only a significant difference was observed in the dribbling values at the beginning of the study, but at the end of 8 weeks there was a statistically significant difference in agility, shot and dribbling values in favor of the training group (p <0.05). In addition, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test values of all the parameters of the players who participated in the training group (p <0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the control group (p> 0.05). As a result, it can be said that plyometric exercise applied in addition to regular soccer training has positive effect on some motoric and technical characteristics of 13-15 age soccer players.
Anxiety of Caught New Type Coronavirus (Covid-19) in Professional Soccer Players
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022 Nisan) Göğebakan, Ramazan; Şahin, İbrahim Halil; Taşkın, Halil
The aim of this study was to investigate the anxiety of catching a new type of coranavirus (Covid-19) in professional soccer players. soccer players 188 including 42 professional soccer players from the Turkish Super League, 32 players from the TFF 1st League, 41 players from the 2nd League, and 73 players from the 3rd League were voluntarily participated in this study . Average age of the players is 25.04 ± 4.831 years; average height of the players is 180.11 ± 6.246 cm; average body weight of the players is 75.23 ± 6.118 kg,; average sports age of the players is 12.82 ± 4.256 years. In this study evaluating the anxiety of professional soccer players about catching Covid-19, the level of anxiety of soccer players about getting Covid-19 was compared according to the status of being caught and not caught, the leagues they played and their game positions. No significant difference was found in the cases of the soccer players catching or not getting Covid-19. The change between the leagues in which the players play does not make any sense. When the anxiety of catching Covid-19 was examined according to the playing positions, a statistical significance was found in the comparison of the social anxiety scores according to the positions played by the players. In conclusion, while there was no significant relationship between the soccer players catching and not getting Covid-19, and their anxiety about catching Covid-19 for the leagues they played, the anxiety levels of catching Covid-19 were statistically significant to the game positions.
The Effect of Different Types of Warming on Technical Action in Small-Sided Games
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022 Nisan) Böge, Veysel; Civan, Adem
It was observed that the desired behaviors and skills developed with the regulations and limitations in the small sided games (SSG). In this study, it is aimed to examine the effect of different warming types on technical actions in SSG for enhance the effect of SSG. Twenty-four male soccer players in the U-16 and U-17 teams who are one of the amateur league teams in Konya (mean age 16.41 ± 0.50 years, mean height 174.62 ± 7.66cm and body weight average 62.33 ± 7.83 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Before the study, the players were divided into four groups; The first group started static warming up, the second group started dynamic warming up, the third group started warming up with the SSG, and the fourth group started the SSG without warming up. The study was applied as 3x4min/ 4min rest in 20x25m area. All the actions from the beginning to the end of the study were recorded with a camera at a height of 5m and technical actions were determined with Matball Analysis Program. Statistical analysis of the findings was performed by SPSS 23.0 computer program and the arithmetic mean and standard deviation of all parameters were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the difference between the groups, and Mann-Whitney-U test was used to determine which group caused the difference. Differences at p <0.05 were considered significant. Soccer players who participated in SSG with warming up with SSG attempted to play more dribble past in the first set than the groups that did static and dynamic warm ups, and in the third set compared to the group that participated in SSG without warming up and did dynamic warming up. In the first set, it was observed that the group that warmed up with the SSG intercepted the passing way more than the group that did not warm up. In addition, it was observed that received perception of exertion (RPE) of the groups that did not warm up in the first set were higher than the groups that did both static and dynamic warming up. All other parameters were also not significantly different between the groups. As a result, it was observed that the players participating in the SSG without warming up and warming up with SSG had more difficulty in the first set, but they adapted in the following sets. In addition, soccer players with different warming up protocols have shown similar responses to actions in SSG.
The Effect of Different Training Methods on Aerobic Performance and Some Respiratory Parameters in Young Soccer Players
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022 Eylül) Patlar, Süleyman; Böge, Veysel
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of different training methods on aerobic performance and respiratory parameters in young soccer players. For this purpose, fourty healthy young male soccer players participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 16.72± 1.09 years, their average height was 172.45± 5.56 cm and their body weight average was 62.79± 8.91 kg. The study protocol was approved by the Selcuk University Faculty of Sport Sciences Ethics Committee. Different training methods applied in the study were applied in addition to routine training programs 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Fourty soccer players who participated in the study were divided into 5 groups as the control group (CG), small sided games (SSG), transition in SSG (TSSG), high intensity interval training (HIIT) and low intensity continuous training (LICT) groups. Three measurements were made for aerobic performance (VO2max), lactate levels and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). And also, two measurements were applied for respiratory parameters. As a result, significantly increased the VO2max levels of the other groups except the SSG group. LICT significantly decreased lactate levels. RPE were found to be significantly higher in the HIIT in all three measures. It provided significant increases in force vital capacity (FVC) and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) levels of LICT and HIIT groups. There was a significant decrease in the FEV1/FVC levels of the LICT and the peak expiratory flow (PEF) levels of the HIIT. As a result, different trainings applied for eight weeks significantly improved aerobic performance and decreased lactate levels. It resulted in different changes in RPE levels and respiratory parameters.
Investigating the Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Heart and Muscle Damage in Rats Applied With Swimming Exercise
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019 Nisan) Kulaksız, Ömer; Lök, Sefa
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids which are a synthetic derivative of testosterone are known to be used by some sportsmen in order to improve performance. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of testosterone supplement on heart and muscle damage in rats applied with swimming exercise. The study was conducted on 30 day-old 27 (Wistar, male) rats that were supplied from “Selçuk University Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center”. The rats were divided into 4 groups. The rats in control groups (n:6) were fed during the study without doing any application. The rats in testosteronegroup (n:7) were supplied with a 10 mg/kg dose of testosterone 5 days a week for 3 weeks. The rats in exercise group (n:7) did freestyle swimming exercise for 30 minutes a day for 5 days a weekfor 3 weeks. The rats in testosterone + exercise group (n:7) did freestyle swimming exercise for 30 minutes and were administered with 10 mg/kg dose of testosterone supplement for 5 days a week for 3 weeks. At the end of the trial, necessary biochemical parameters were measured in serums obtained by drawing blood from tails of the rats. While levels of Serum, LDH, CK-MB, and CKwere studied by using an autoanalyzer, Troponin I level was analyzed by using ELISA kit. SPSS 15.0 packaged software was usedin statistical evaluation of the data and the results were given as mean±SE. Since the data were convenient with the normal distribution, ANOVA test was applied for betweengroups comparison and Duncan test was used to identify from which group the difference was resulted. When between-groups values of troponin I, ck-MB, and LDH, which are indicators of heart damage, and enzyme CK, which is an indicator of muscle damage,for control, exercise, testosterone, and testosterone+exercise groups were compared, a statistically significant difference was determined between control, exercise, testosterone, and testosterone+exercise groups (p<0.05). As a result of statistically analysis performed on all groups, the difference was found to be caused by testosterone and testosterone+exercise groups. Because testosterone production is naturally increased in the body during the exercise, swimming exercise and testosterone administration led to significant occurrence of troponin I, ck-MB, LDH, which are heart damage indicators in rats, and CK value, which is an indicator of muscle damage, in the blood.
Diurnal Variation in Anaerobic Performance: Effect of Core Body Temperature
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019 Nisan) Pense, Mehmet; Harbili, Erbil; Harbili, Sultan
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of circadian rhythm on anaerobic performance and body temperature determined through three different methods. Ten elite male taekwondo athletes (average age: 23.9±2.7 years, height: 178.7±4.9 cm, body mass: 72.1±7.8 kg, training experience: 12.5±4.9 years) participated in the study. The body temperatures of the participants were measured in the morning of the first day, (between 09:00-10:00 a.m.), and in the early evening (between 16:00- 17:00 p.m.) through three different methods (Core body temperature, tympanic temperature, and skin surface temperature). The participants performed Wingate test (WT) both in the morning and in the early evening. Core body temperature was significantly higher in early evening than it was in the morning (p<0.05), while tympanic and skin surface temperatures remained unchanged (p>0.05). However, there was no significant difference between morning and early evening for peak power, mean power, and fatigue index values (p>0.05). As a result, a significant increase was observed in core body temperature in early evening compared to morning, but this increase did not show a positive effect on anaerobic performance.
The Types of Injury, Regions and Frequency in Athletes Participating Universities Taekwondo Championchip
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019 Nisan) Boyalı, Ekrem; Patlar, Süleyman; Ergin, Murat; Kıvrak, Ali Osman; Karadağ, Tayyar; Yıldız, Hasan; Boztaş, Ali Kemal; Gündoğdu, Süha
This study aims to determine the rates of injuries, the types of injuries and what part of the body is mostly injured in professional taekwondo sportsmen during competitions. This study involves 287 sportsmen participated in the interuniversity Taekwando championship in Ordu. Injuries during a match of the championship was determined by a team. The characteristics and types of injuries, the sportsmen’s verbal expressions were registered by a pre-determined team, and it was mentioned about how these injuries occurred, in which part of the body the injuries were seen. Among 287 sportsmen in this study, 178 sportsmen were male, 109 ones were female. 46 universities took part in this championship. The championship lasted three days and total 271 competitions were done. 539 injuries were determined in total. The mostly seen type of injury was hematoma (43%), the mostly injured part was in lower extremities 416 (77%), most of the injuries were ones seen in defense (36%). No injuries were not observed in neck, shoulder, spine or trunk and cerebral injuries were not also observed. As a result of the study, it was explained that most of the injuries seen in the taekwondo competitions did not require the medical intervention and the lower extremities were mostly injured in these competitions. In the light of these findings, it could be said that these parts be protected during the competitions and the defense techniques be different.
A Scrutiny on the Factors Affecting the Participation of Women Doing Sports and not Doing Sports in Sportive Events
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019 Nisan) Kıvrak, Ali Osman; Pepe, Şirin; Pepe, Kadir; Erdoğan, Barbaros Serdar
The study has been conducted in order to scrutinize the factors affecting the participation of women doing sports and not doing sports in sportive events.The population of the study is constituted by Selcuk University, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Uludağ University, and Gazi University, with the thought that we can find the individuals from all sections of the Turkish society all together and its sampling group consists of the female students studying at those universities. The data were obtained from written sources and by means of the questionnaire method. A questionnaire oriented to the objective has been developed. The understandability of the questionnaire as well as the validity and reliability of its scope were ensured. The questionnaire’s CronbachAlpha reliability coefficient was found as 0,60. The coefficient is a valid coefficient according to the researchers as well. The questionnaires were filled in through one-to-one discussions in the sampling group by means of the random sampling method. Total 828 women, being 538 doing sports and 290 not doing sports, took part in the study in its state mentioned above. The data obtained were transferred to the computer environment for statistical transaction. As the statistical process, the Chi-Square test processes were conducted for identifying the frequency, %, Crosstab, and differences. In the determination of the differences, 0,05 was accepted as the level of significance. Upon the assessment of the data obtained, it was determined that the factors affecting women’s participation in sportive events are religious reasons, family pressure, government policy, the fact the some branches of sports are not suitable for the physical properties of women, the fact that sportive events inflict damage on their beauties, presence of no suitable areas and venues to perform sports, and the inability of sports culture to take place within the society etc. and that significant differences are present at the 0,05 statistical significance level in the views of the women doing sports and not doing sports in regards to some questions. We can conclude that there are religious, familial, political, physiological, cultural, and spatial factors affecting the participation of women in sportive events.
The Effects of Trenbolone Supplementation on the Extremity Bones in Running Rats
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019 Eylül) Sarı, Ali; Lök, Sefa
Anabolic steroids are testosterone derivatives through which anabolic effects are maintained and androgenic effects are minimized. The use of ergogenic agents is increasing among athletes for doping in order to increase physical performance and change external image. The objective of this study was to determine effects of trenbolone supplement administered on running rats for 4 weeks on extremity bones. The study was conducted with 28 male Wistar rats aged 28 days with a mean weight of 61,80 g supplied from the Selcuk University Experimental Medical Research and Application Center. The rate were divided into 4 groups as C (Controls), E (Exercise), T (Trenbolone), and TE (trenbolone + Exercise). The trial period lasted 4 weeks. Supply, care, feeding, and experimental applications of rats were performed in the Selcuk University Experimental Medical Research and Application Center. Anterior and posterior extremities’ bones were dissected and exposed, and the humerus and femur bones exposed were dried. Length, corpus thickness, cortex thickness, and medulla diameter points were determined and the necessary measures were taken. The results are expressed as mean ± SD. ANOVA and Duncan tests were used for the comparison of data. p<0.05 values were considered statistically significant. The mean femoral length was found as 31.31 ± 0.69 in the rats in Group T, 31.46±0.72 in Group E, 31.51±0.58 in Group TE, and 31.48 ± 0.71 in Group C (controls). Examining the mean femoral lengths of Groups T, E, TE and C; the mean femoral length in Group T was numerically higher than that of the Groups E, TE and C, although the difference was not statistically significant (F:0.112; p:0.637). The mean humerus length was found as 24.93 ± 0.59 in the rats in Group T, 24.96±0.68 in Group E, 25.33±0.81 in Group TE, and 25.29±0.77 in Group C (controls). Examining the mean humerus lengths of Groups T, E, TE and C; the mean humerus length in Group T was numerically higher than that of the Groups E, TE and C, although the difference was not statistically significant (F:0.608; p:0.355). We found that the mean values of corpus and cortex thickness, and medullary diameters were similar in the Groups T, E, TE, and C, and the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Results of this study indicate that trenbolone supplement may lead to early epiphyseal closure in femur and humerus bones of rats, ceasing the increase in their length. We believe that the results obtained from this trenbolone trial will provide important data to the studies that will be conducted on anabolic androgenic steroids.
Determination of Physical Activity Level in The Caregiving of Schizophrenia Patients
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2020 Nisan) Lök, Neslihan; Lök, Sefa
The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical activity levels of the caregivers of the schizophrenic patients.This research was descriptive and was conducted with face-to-face interviews with relatives of schizophrenia patients enrolled in a Community Mental Health Center. The sample of the study consisted of 124 individuals who agreed to participate in the study. Socio-demographic data form and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used for data collection. In order to evaluate the demographic data of the study, t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used in order to evaluate the relationship between number and percentage distributions, socio-demographic characteristics and International Physical Activity questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 38,26 ± 4,26, 61,32% female, 38,68% male, 34,65% married, 81,65% single, 10,47%. 27.49% are primary school / middle school, 33% are high school and 29.04% are university graduates. When the body mass index of the participants was evaluated, 65.35% were overweight, 54.95% were inactive and 33.85% were given care for 6- 10 years. When sociodemographic and physical activity levels are compared; 41,17% of women, 19,18% of those with care years 1-5 years and 52,46% of overweights were found to be inactive in terms of physical activity and the difference was statistically significant (p <0,05). In our study, it was observed that the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants significantly affected the physical activity level.
The Effects of Some Anthropometric Features on Dynamic Balance
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2020 Eylül) Patlar, Süleyman; Yılmaz, Sercan; Tatlıcı, Ali; Çakmakçı, Oktay
Various neurophysiological and mechanical factors (such as height, weight, body composition, the base of support, the length and weight of each limb) can affect the balance. This study aims to examine the effect of some anthropometric features on balance. Totally 22 healthy male athletes participated the study. Body weight and height parametres were measured before the balance measurements of the athletes, and then body mass indexes were calculated. Circumferential measurements and skinfold thickness were measured by using a caliper. Balance measurements of the athletes were calculated with the Biodex Balance System with dominant legs. In the study, while a significant positive correlation was found between body mass index body weight, knee joint diameters, thigh and calf circumference, and balance scores, no significant relationship was found between age, height, foot length, and foot width and all three balance scores. It could be said that body weight, knee joint diameter, body mass index, thigh and circumference characteristics of the study were significantly related to the balance scores in the positive direction but not regarding age, height, foot length and width characteristics.
Evaluating Tactical Skills of Amateur Soccer Players with Respect to Their Positions
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022 Aralık) Yılmaz, Osman; Taşkın, Mine; Kaplan, Turgut; Taşkın, Halil
The aim of this study is to evaluate tactical skills of amateur soccer players with respect to their positions. A total of 255 amateur soccer players were examined. These soccer players are playing in different amateur leagues of Turkey. The tactical skill Inventory was used for soccer players. Forwards and Central Defenders had higher tactical skills than did External Defenders, Central Midfielders, and External Midfielders in the positioning and deciding (P<0.05). Also, Forwards had higher tactical skills than did External Defenders, Central Midfielders, and External Midfielders in the knowing about ball actions (P<0.05). Central Defenders had higher tactical skills than did Goalkeepers, Central Midfielders, External Midfielders, and Forwards in the acting in changing situations (P<0.05). The knowing about others soccer players were not statistically significant in the case of all positions (P>0.05).In conclusion, it is considered that the tactical skills of the stoppers and forward players are better than the other players. However, it is seen that the tactical understanding of the players has not changed in terms of the knowing about other soccer players.
Uefa Euro 2020: An Analysis on The First Goal and The First Half Lead in Football Matches
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022 Aralık) Hadi, Gökhan; Göral, Kemal
This study was carried out in order to analyze the goals scored in the competitions played in the UEFA EURO 2020 tournament and to examine how finishing the first half affects the outcome of the matches.In the research, a total of 142 goals scored in 51 matches played in the tournament, the distribution of goals in 15-minute periods, the contribution to the score by starting in the first 11 and coming from the bench, and the effect of finishing the first half ahead on the results of the matches were examined.The time interval for the most goals scored in competitions is 46-60. minutes (30 goals - 21.13%).In all the matches played in the tournament, the majority of the goals scored, such as 88.9%, were scored by the players who started the matches in the first 11.In all the matches played in the tournament, 73.33% of the teams that finished the first half ahead and 71.43% of the teams that scored the first goal left the matches with victory.As a result, based on the findings of the research, it can be said that reaching the first goal in the competitions and finishing the first half of the match emerge as a very important criterion in high-level tournaments such as the European Championship, where competitions with high difficulty levels are played.

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