Osmanlıda mesleki teknik eğitim İstanbul Sanayi Mektebi (1869-1930)
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2004
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Sanayi mekteblerinin ilk nüveleri ve nizamnameleri Tanzimat döneminde ortaya
çıkmış, II. Abdulhamit döneminde eğitim sisteminde I. Meşrutiyet’ten sonra
ıslâhhaneler, 1885’te sanayi mektebi adını almış; ancak, 1894’e kadar bir boşluk
yaşanmış ve öğrenci sayılarında ciddi sayılabilecek azalma olmuştur. 1894’ten sonra
hem okul sayıları artmış hem de okullar müstakil binalarına kavuşturulmuştur.
Islâhhaneler, gerçek sanayi mektebi hüviyetine kavuşturulmuş ve sanayi mekteblerinin
sayıları artmıştır. 1913’te İdare-i Umumiye Vilayet Kanununun yayınlanması ile sanayi
mekteblerinin masrafları vilayetler hususi idareleri bütçelerinden karşılanmaya
başlayınca okullar önceki döneme nazaran daha istikrarlı bir konuma geldi, fakat bu
kez de her vilayetin ayrı program tatbik etmesinden dolayı okullar arasında bir birlik
kurulamadı. Bununla birlikte özellikle İstanbul sanayi mektebi, Balkan ve I. Dünya
Savaşı’nda teknik elemanlara duyulan ihtiyacın artmasından dolayı büyük önem
kazandı. Bu okuldan mezun olanların çeşitli Avrupa ülkelerine ihtisas yapmaları
amacıyla gönderildi., Avrupa ülkelerinden de (özellikle Macaristan) teknik eleman
getirilerek öğrencilerin daha iyi yetiştirilmelerine imkân sağlandı. Ancak maddi
sıkıntılar ve okullar arası koordinasyon eksikliğinden dolayı bu dönemde de sanayi
mekteblerinde istenilen kalitede eleman yetiştirilemedi.
The first prototypes of the industrial schools in the Ottoman Empire have emerged during the Tanzimat period as part of modernisation process of the Empire and then evolved into a full time school with having a special decree regulating the technical education in the time of Sultan Abdulhamit II. After1894 both number of schools and their students increased considerably by having their own buildings and other technical facilities. The introduction of the Law of General Administration of Provincial Governments (İdare-i Umumiye Vilayet Kanununu) in 1913 provided these schools with the much needed financial security since their spendings were financed through the budgets of the provincial governments. On the other hand, the consistencies in the school programs and the quality of education have been lost because each province has implemented different curriculum in their own schools. The increased need to technical personnel in the Balkan wars and during the First World War the industrial schools gained special importance especially in Istanbul. Furthermore, during this period while some students were sent to various European countries for obtaining advanced degrees and technical experience, some technical school teachers (especially from Hungry) were invited to these schools in order to improve the capacity and quality of technical education in the Empire. The lack of financial resources and poor coordination among the schools hindered the improvement in the quality of education in these industrial schools.
The first prototypes of the industrial schools in the Ottoman Empire have emerged during the Tanzimat period as part of modernisation process of the Empire and then evolved into a full time school with having a special decree regulating the technical education in the time of Sultan Abdulhamit II. After1894 both number of schools and their students increased considerably by having their own buildings and other technical facilities. The introduction of the Law of General Administration of Provincial Governments (İdare-i Umumiye Vilayet Kanununu) in 1913 provided these schools with the much needed financial security since their spendings were financed through the budgets of the provincial governments. On the other hand, the consistencies in the school programs and the quality of education have been lost because each province has implemented different curriculum in their own schools. The increased need to technical personnel in the Balkan wars and during the First World War the industrial schools gained special importance especially in Istanbul. Furthermore, during this period while some students were sent to various European countries for obtaining advanced degrees and technical experience, some technical school teachers (especially from Hungry) were invited to these schools in order to improve the capacity and quality of technical education in the Empire. The lack of financial resources and poor coordination among the schools hindered the improvement in the quality of education in these industrial schools.
Açıklama
Url: http://sutad.selcuk.edu.tr/sutad/article/view/265
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mesleki teknik eğitim, Sanayi mektebleri, Osmanlı Devleti, Ottoman Empire, İstanbul Sanayi Mektebi, Istanbul Industrial School, Vocational technical education, Industrial school
Kaynak
Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
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Künye
Semiz, Y., Kuş, R. (2004). Osmanlıda mesleki teknik eğitim İstanbul Sanayi Mektebi (1869-1930). Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (15), 275-295.
