MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE Na- AND Ca-BENTONITES OF ORDU (NE TURKEY)

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dc.contributor.authorKarakaya, Muazzez Celk
dc.contributor.authorKarakaya, Necati
dc.contributor.authorKupeli, Suayip
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-26T18:15:17Z
dc.date.available2020-03-26T18:15:17Z
dc.date.issued2011
dc.departmentSelçuk Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractA number of different types of bentonite deposits formed by hydrothermal alteration and diagenetic processes are to be found in the Ordu area of the Eastern Black Sea region. The Ca- and Na-bentonite deposits are related to Upper Cretaceous tholeitic to calc-alkaline volcanites, predominantly dacite and andesite, and also include rhyodacite with lesser basalt and their pyroclastic equivalents. In the present study, dacite (PR1), perlite (PR2), moderately altered rocks (MPR), and Na- and Ca-bentonites were studied to describe and compare their mineralogical and geochemical properties and their conditions of formation by means of X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and chemical analytical techniques. Ca-bentonites, except for smectite, contain opal-CT, feldspar, biotite, and rarely pyrite, while Na-bentonites contain smectite and less feldspar, opal-CT, kaolinite, and illite. Progressive alteration of the PR2 caused depletion in K2O and Na2O and enrichment in MgO and CaO in all of the Ca-bentonite samples. Na2O was depleted in all of the Na-bentonites and in most of the MPR. The medium and heavy rare earth elements (MREE and HREE) show mass gain or mass loss in the Na-bentonites. The HREE show nearly immobile behavior in the Ca-bentonitcs. The rare earth elements (REE) and transition elements (TRE) mostly gained mass in the Ca-bentonites in contrast to Na-bentonites. Large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) are strongly depleted in all of the bentonites. The LREE, MREE, and HREE were strongly depleted in most of the MPR samples. TiO2, Lu, Tm, and Tb show immobile behavior in all samples. PR1 exhibits a slightly positive Eu anomaly. Two MPR samples show slightly positive Eu anomalies (1.03, 1.13), and one Na-bentonite sample displays a slightly positive Eu anomaly (1.04). Most of the Na-bentonites have weakly negative Eu anomalies, whereas perlite and the Ca-bentonite have a strongly negative Eu anomaly. The PR1, PR2, MPR, and Na-bentonite present a positive Ce anomaly, and the Ca-bentonite shows a moderately negative Cc anomaly. The Ca-montmorillonites are mainly hydrothermal in origin and derived from alteration of volcanoclastic material in situ and/or in the subaerial environment. The Na-montmorillonites formed by alteration and diagenesis of volcanoclastic material in the sedimentary basin.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipTUBITAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [YDABCAG-139, 103Y016]; Selcuk UniversitySelcuk University [09101043, 09101044]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe present investigation was made possible by the partial financial support of TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey; project numbers YDABCAG-139 and 103Y016). This work was also partially supported by Selcuk University Scientific Research projects support program (09101043 and 09101044). The authors are indebted to two anonymous reviewers for their comments and to the Editors for their careful editorial input and constructive suggestions which improved the quality of the manuscript.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1346/CCMN.2011.0590109en_US
dc.identifier.endpage94en_US
dc.identifier.issn0009-8604en_US
dc.identifier.issn1552-8367en_US
dc.identifier.issue1en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.startpage75en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2011.0590109
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12395/26648
dc.identifier.volume59en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000289881200009en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherCLAY MINERALS SOCen_US
dc.relation.ispartofCLAYS AND CLAY MINERALSen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.selcuk20240510_oaigen_US
dc.subjectBentoniteen_US
dc.subjectGenesisen_US
dc.subjectGeochemistryen_US
dc.subjectHydrothermal Alterationen_US
dc.subjectMass Balanceen_US
dc.subjectOrduen_US
dc.subjectSmectiteen_US
dc.subjectTrace Elementsen_US
dc.subjectTurkeyen_US
dc.titleMINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE Na- AND Ca-BENTONITES OF ORDU (NE TURKEY)en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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