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Öğe Ultrastructural and molecular characterization of Nosema alticae sp. nov. (Microsporidia: Nosematidae), pathogen of the flea beetle, Altica hampei Allard, 1867 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)(Academic Press Inc., 2020) Yıldırım H.; Bekircan Ç.In this study, the first microsporidian pathogen from Altica hampei (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is described based on light microscopy, ultrastructural characteristics and comparative 16S SSU rDNA analysis. All developmental stages of the microsporidium are diplokaryotic and in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm. Giemsa-stained mature spores are oval in shape and measured 3.82 ± 0.35 ?m in length and 2.54 ± 0.27 ?m in width. The polar filament of the binucleate spores is isofilar with 12–14 coils. Coils are 140.28 ± 4.88 nm (135.59–147.06; n = 36) in diameter and consist of six concentric layers of different electron density and thickness. The spores have a relatively thick (161.72 ± 29.19 nm) trilaminar spore wall. Morphological, ultrastructural and molecular features indicate that the described microsporidium belongs to the genus Nosema and is named Nosema alticae sp. nov. © 2019Öğe Turkish standardization of early childhood creativity scale1(Ankara University, 2020) Çiçekler, Canan Yıldız; Pirpir, Devlet Alakoç; Aral, NerimanThe aim of this study was to obtain a culturally adapted Turkish version of the Early Childhood Creativity Scale (ECCS), to test its validity and realibility and to establish the norms for Turkish culture. The study adopted survey design. Research sample included randomly selected 60-83 month old children from 12 different provinces that were determined based on NUTS 1 classification (Antalya, Balıkesir, Bursa, Erzurum, İstanbul, İzmir, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Konya, Malatya, Trabzon and Şanlıurfa). The sample size was calculated using the sampling formula based on the population of the study universe and 1750 children were sampled. Personal information form was used to obtain demographic information about children, and their level of creativity was measured with ECCS, which will be standardized in Turkey. SPSS 20 and LISREL (ver.8.80) were used for the analysis of the data. The analyses verified that ECCS is a valid and reliable tool, with established norms, to use with Turkish children. © 2020, Ankara University. All rights reserved.Öğe Wastewater reuse in Turkey: From present status to future potential(IWA Publishing, 2020) Nas, Bilgehan; Uyanik, Sinan; Aygün, Ahmet; Dogan, Selim; Erul, Gürsel; Nas, K. Batuhan; Turgut, Sefa; Cop, Mustafa; Dolu, TaylanThe Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (MoEU) initiated an important project, ‘Reuse of Treated Wastewater in Turkey’, in 2017. With this project, all wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated to determine wastewater reuse purposes for the first time. The results obtained from this project were that although there are 1,015 existing WWTPs, only 15 of them realized wastewater reuse. In 2017, the total volume of reused treated wastewater in Turkey amounted to 29.6 million m3/year, accounting for 0.78% of the treated urban wastewater. With the present water potential and sectoral water use rates, Turkey should make key administrative and technical regulations in the coming years for water reuse. This paper aims to give an overview of wastewater reuse activities from present status to future potential in Turkey and the opportunities and challenges in expanding water reuse. The status of WWTPs, treatment processes and their compliance with the WWTPs where reuse is carried out in Turkey are evaluated in this study. The realization of the planned goals and challenges are discussed after regulatory changes in Turkey for reclaimed wastewater and reuse targets for 2023. © IWA Publishing 2020Öğe The relationship between climate change and political instability: the case of MENA countries (1985:01–2016:12)(Springer, 2020) Sofuoğlu E.; Ay A.The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between climate change and political instability in the MENA region. To this extent, 18 Middle East and North African (MENA) countries are analyzed covering the period 1985:01–2016:12 with monthly data. In econometric analysis, at first cross-sectional dependency analysis is applied, and existence of cross-sectional dependency among countries is found. Therefore, CADF-second generation panel unit root test applied, and finally, Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel causality test that consider the cross-sectional dependency are utilized. For empirical analysis, temperature and precipitation data representing climate change, political instability, and conflict data are employed. According to the findings, there is a causal relationship from climate change to political instability in 16 countries and to conflict in 15 countries. In addition to this, at least one causal relationship is determined from climate change to political instability or conflict in all MENA countries. Therefore, empirical results support the assumption that climate change acts as a threat multiplier in MENA countries since it triggers, accelerates, and deepens the current instabilities. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Öğe The effects of stacking sequence on drilling machinability of filament wound hybrid composite pipes: Part-1 mechanical characterization and drilling tests(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Gemi L.; Köklü U.; Yazman; Morkavuk S.In the first part of this two-part comprehensive study, mechanical properties and machinability characteristic of filament wound hybrid composite pipes with various stacking sequences of glass and carbon fibers (Glass-Carbon-Glass (GCG), Carbon-Glass-Glass (CGG), and Glass-Glass-Carbon (GGC)) were investigated experimentally. In order to determine the mechanical properties of the pipes, hardness test (Shore D), ring tensile test (ASTM D2290), and burst test (ASTM D1599) were carried out. Machinability tests were performed at various feed rates (50, 150, 250 and 350 mm/min) and spindle speeds (796, 1592, 2388 and 3184 rpm) using with and without a back-up. The results showed that stacking of the carbon layer between two glass layers (GCG) presented better performance in terms of mechanical properties and machinability characteristic. The maximum ring tensile stress of GCG specimen is 27% and 19% higher than those of GGC and CGG specimens, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest thrust forces measured during the drilling of GCG specimen while the GGC represented highest values. In addition, the use of back-up led to an increase in thrust force. The highest increase was observed in GGC sample. In GGC sample, a change in a spindle speed increased thrust force by 18–35%, while a change in feed rate increased thrust force by 20–30%. © 2020 Elsevier LtdÖğe The relationship between serum clozapine concentrations and hematological parameters by a validated mass spectrometric method(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Kamil Gharab, Karam Mazin; Onmaz, Duygu Eryavuz; Abuşoğlu, Sedat; Aydın, Memduha; Sivrikaya, Abdullah; Tok, Oğuzhan; Abuşoğlu, Gülsüm; Ünlü, AliObjective: Clozapine is one of the most effective drugs for resistant schizophrenia, but its severe metabolic and hematological side effects limit the use of clozapine. It has been reported that clozapine blood concentrations should be maintained between 350?600 ng/mL. Our aim was to develop a determination method for clozapine and its main metabolites norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide, to perform validation studies and to investigate the change of various biochemical parameters in patients using clozapine. Methods: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for clozapine measurement. Thus, blood samples were collected from 38 patients with schizophrenia and 32 healthy volunteers. Biochemical and hematological parameters were measured by Beckman-Coulter AU 5800 (Beckman Coulter, Brea, USA) and Beckman Coulter LH 780 analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL, USA), respectively. Hormone levels were analyzed using Cobas 6000 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Germany). Results: The LC[sbnd]MS/MS method was linear between 1.22?2500 ng/mL (r2 = 0.9971) for clozapine. The retention times of clozapine, norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide were 0.92, 0.89 and 0.95, respectively. Blood glucose (GLU) (p = 0.025), low density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol) (p = 0.015), triglyseride (TG) (p = 0.042) and total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.024) levels were higher; hemoglobin (HGB) (0.015), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (0.036), red blood cell count (RBC) (0.020), neutrophil (NEU) (0.034), and platelet (PLT) (P = 0.005) levels were lower in the clozapine group. Conclusions: This LC–MS/MS method was rapid, simple, cost-effective and suitable for the routine clozapine monitoring. Furthermore, norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide were also determined. Monitoring of metabolic and hematological parameters with clozapine levels is very important. However, the limitations of the study were that the method was not validated for norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide, so the validation parameters were not evaluated for these two metabolites. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.Öğe The effects of local and intraperitoneal zinc treatments on maxillofacial fracture healing in rabbits(Churchill Livingstone, 2020) Azgın, İsa; Arbağ, Hamdi; Eryılmaz, Mehmet Akif; Çelik, Zeliha EsinThis study aimed to determine whether administration of topical and intraperitoneal zinc formaxillofacial fractures has any impact on the bone healing process.Material and method:Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups of eighteach. Thefirst group was the control group; fracture lines werefixed using titanium microplates and nomedication was administered. The second group receivedfixations using zinc-coated titanium micro-plates. A single dose of 3 mg/kg zinc was administered intraperitoneally to the third group followingfixations with titanium microplates. A single dose of 3 mg/kg zinc was administered intraperitoneally tothe fourth group followingfixations with zinc-coated titanium microplates. Zinc coating on to the ti-tanium microplates was achieved using the physical vapor deposition technique. A fracture line wascreated in the nasal bones of all subjects andfixed withfive-holeflat microplates and three 5-mm microscrews. All work groups were sacrificed at the end of the sixth week.Results:Histological examination showed that the number of osteoblasts were significantly higher inzinc-coated group (Group 2) than zinc uncoated, control group (Group 1), (415.6±46.7 vs 366.3±11.8)(p<0.001). It was observed that intraperitoneal zinc treatment alone (Group 3) did not significantlyincrease in the osteoblast count compared to zinc un-coated group (Group 1), (390.6±83.2 vs366.3±11.8), (p¼0.341). The immunoreactivity scores for IGF-1 were significantly higher in the zinc-coated group compared to control group (Group 2 vs 1), (9.3±2.8 vs 3.7±1.9) (p<0.05). It wasobserved that intraperitoneal zinc treatment did not cause a significant difference in the aspect of IGF-1for zinc-coated groups (Group 2 vs 4) (9.3±2.8 vs 9.6±2.2) (p¼0.791). The difference in the immu-noreactivity score among whole groups for TGF-bwas not statistically significant (Group 1 vs 2, 3.2±1.7vs 4.4±2.3, p¼0.256; Group 1 vs 3, 3.2±1.7 vs 3.8±2.8, p¼0.524; Group 1 vs 4, 3.2±1.7 vs 2.8±1.3,p¼0.717; Group 2 vs 3, 4.4±2.3, vs 3.8±2.8, p¼0.610; Group 2 vs 4, 4.4±2.3, vs 2.8±1.3, p¼0.124;Group 3 vs 4, 3.8±2.8, vs 2.8±1.3, p¼0.311).Conclusion:The local use of titanium microplates coated with zinc by PVD technique was found effectivefor fracture healing. Zinc coating of titanium microplates used in fracture treatment can acceleratefracture healing. It may be concluded that clinical studies should be performed now in order to explore ifcomparable results can be achieved in humans.Öğe The clinical value of interleukins-8, -10, and -17 in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis(Springer, 2020) Koksal H.; Vatansev H.; Artac H.; Kadoglou N.Introduction: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, chronic inflammatory benign breast disease. Although the etiology of this disease is unknown, it has been suggested that hormonal disorders, autoimmunity, smoking, and ?1-antitrypsin deficiency may play a role in the etiopathogenesis. The aim is to investigate the changes in cytokine profiles including interleukin (IL)-4, -8, -10, -17, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in patients with IGM. Methods: Forty-seven patients with pathologically diagnosed IGM and 30 healthy women were included. The cytokines including IL-4, -8, 10, -17, and TNF-alpha were measured by human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 levels were higher in IGM patients than control group (p =.002; p =.008; and p =.018, respectively). The IL-8 levels of patients with active lesions and in remission were statistically higher than the control group (p =.027 and p =.015, respectively). IL-10 levels of patients in remission were higher than the control group (p =.024). There was no difference in IL-4 and TNF-? levels between all groups. Conclusion: These results showed that proinflammatory cytokines including IL-8 and IL-17 have role in pathogenesis of IGM. However, the increased levels of IL-10 in especially patients in remission suggest that it reduces the release of proinflamatory cytokines as well as suppressing their function and activation for controlling IGM. Although IGM is thought to be a surgical disease, these cytokine changes indicate the presence of serious immune dysregulation. This suggests that in the treatment of IGM, treatment needs to evolve from surgery to medical treatment.Key points The IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 levels were higher in IGM patients than in control group. The IL-8 levels of both patients with active lesions and in remission were high. There was no difference in IL-4 and TNF-? levels between all groups. © 2020, International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR).Öğe The C-V characteristics of TiO2/p-Si/Ag, GNR doped TiO2/p-Si/Ag and MWCNT doped TiO2/p-Si/Ag heterojunction devices(Physical Society of the Republic of China, 2020) Erdal M.O.; Kocyigit A.; Yıldırım M.The TiO2/p-Si/Ag, graphene (GNR) doped TiO2/p-Si/Ag and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) doped TiO2/p-Si/Ag heterojunction devices were fabricated by electrospinning technique at same conditions. Their structural, morphological properties, thermal analyses (TGA), and capacitance voltage characteristics were studied and compared. The undoped, GNR and MWCNT doped TiO2 structures obtained successfully according to XRD measurements. Morphological properties of the undoped, GNR and MWCNT doped TiO2 composite structures have rod or ribbon like structures. The TGA result confirmed the GNR and MWCNT doped TiO2 structures. The C-V and G-V measurements were employed for electrical characterization of the TiO2/p-Si/Ag, GNR doped TiO2/p-Si/Ag and MWCNT doped TiO2/p-Si/Ag devices for various frequencies at room temperatures. The results imparted that the capacitance and conductance behaviors of all devices are strong functions of the frequency and voltage. The electrical parameters were calculated from C?2-V plots of the heterojunction devices and compared for three devices. The transient photocapacitance plots revealed that the devices can be employed for optical communication applications. © 2020 The Physical Society of the Republic of China (Taiwan)Öğe The effects of chrysin in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis(Edizioni Luigi Pozzi, 2020) Alptekin H.; Calisir A.; Özturk B.; Ugurlu C.; Yormaz S.; Ece I.PURPOSE: This experimental study was conducted to evaluate the possible effects of orally administered chrysin on acute pancreatitis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty four rats were procured. The animals were randomly divided into four groups. In Group I, only vehicle solution (5% dimethylsulfoksid) was administered, and in Group II, chrysin dissolved in the vehicle solution was administered for six days. In Group III and Group IV cerulein was administered to induce acute pancreatitis. In Group III, only vehicle solution was administered, and in Group IV, chrysin dissolved in the vehicle solution was administered orally for six days. Blood samples were analyzed and the pancreatic tissue specimens were evaluated for histopathological examination. RESULTS: Group III and Group IV, exhibited markedly higher levels of serum WBC, amylase, and lipase, compared with Groups I and II. In the pancreatitis induced groups, CRP and TOS values were found to be significantly higher. In Group II and Group IV, TAS values were significantly higher. The highest calculated OSI values were observed in Group III. Group IV OSI values were significantly lower than those in Group III and even in Group I. Noticeable histopathological changes were identified in the pancreatitis induced Groups III and IV. Compared with Group III, the extent and severity of pancreatic injuries were markedly lower in Group IV. CONCLUSION: Chrysin application reduced oxidative stress and histopathological parameters. The present study shows that chrysin can be used to treat pancreatic diseases. © 2020, Edizioni Luigi Pozzi. All rights reserved.Öğe Strategy selection in the universities via fuzzy AHP method: A case study(Sciedu Press, 2020) Kuzu Ö.H.SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) Analysis, even though it enables analyzing the internal and external environment that is effective in the process of organizations and institutions to make strategic decision, is a method that has some deficiencies in terms of measurement and assessment. In order to eliminate the deficiencies of interests and make assessment through more exact data in the process of decision making, in literature, various methods under the title of quantitative SWOT Analysis has been used. One of these methods is to integrate SWOT analysis with Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method. In this study, the data of SWOT analysis were turned into a hierarchical structure and the model formed was solved by means of method of FAHP. The application of method was performed on the problem of strategy selection of a state university in Turkey. Surveys conducted among 1292 academic staff in the university were evaluated by SWOT analysis. For the 6 main strategies and 13 sub-strategies obtained as a result of the analyses, pairwise comparison surveys were conducted with 37 senior managers of the university. Questionnaires were analyzed by FAHP method and it was concluded that the most important strategy for the university is “to be in the country’s top 5 universities and in the world’s top 500 universities”. © 2020, Sciedu Press. All rights reserved.Öğe The ability and utility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with different ‘b’ values in the differentiation of benign from malignant lung lesions(Medical Science International, 2020) Elbir F.Ş.; Öztürk M.; Doğan S.Purpose: To evaluate the ability and the utility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with different ‘b’ values to visualise benign and malignant lung lesions, and to determine which ‘b’ value (b = 300, 500, or 1000 s/mm2) was most useful in differentiating benign from malignant lung lesions. Material and methods: A total of 100 patients (28 women, 72 men; mean age = 57.19 ± 13.44 years; age range = 20-83 years). Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was obtained with ‘b’ values of 300, 500, and 1000 s/mm². The signal intensity of lesions on DWI images was analysed, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lesions were calculated. MRI was performed in all patients after having presented at our department for thoracic computed tomography for various reasons. Results: A statistically significant difference in DWI signal scores was detected between benign and malignant lesions for all ‘b’ factors (p < 0.0001 for each). The sensitivity and specificity were 95% and 64%, respectively, when a score of 3 for b = 300 s/mm²; 90% and 69%, respectively, when a score of 3 for b = 500 s/mm²; and 84% and 74%, respectively, when a score of 3 for b = 1000 s/mm². ADC values showed significant differences between benign and malignant lesions for all ‘b’ factors (p < 0.0001 for each). Conclusions: Using ‘b’ values of 300, 500, and 1000 s/mm², DWI signal intensity scores and ADC values are effective methods for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign pulmonary lesions. © Pol J Radiol 2020.Öğe Surrogate testes: Allogeneic spermatogonial stem cell transplantation within an encapsulation device may restore male fertility(Churchill Livingstone, 2020) Gül M.; Dong L.; Wang D.; Diri M.A.; Andersen C.Y.Toxic insult to the gonads by chemotherapy or radiotherapy can lead to permanent infertility. It's an important health concern because each year more than 4000 male patients are at risk of azoospermia in the United States due to gonadotoxicity of the regimens used. There are also several benign/genetic diseases whose natural course can result in infertility without gonadotoxic therapy. Considering the fact that most of these people are cured and survive with the advent of modern medicine, infertility is related to serious psychological and relationship implications and parenthood is a significant issue for those patients. Semen cryopreservation option is available for postpubertal adolescent and adult men, while children do not have this storing option since they do not have mature spermatozoa. However, their testes contain spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which are initiators of spermatogenesis. Promising findings in animal studies and human cell lines have encouraged scientists that SSCs may be hope for restoring fertility option of patients who cannot produce functional sperm and who have no other choice to preserve their future fertility. For this reason, several centers around the world already began to collect and cryopreserve testicular tissue or cells with anticipation that SSC-based therapies will be available in the near future; however, an optimal transplantation design in humans is yet to be developed. Here we propose an allogeneic testicular stem cell transplantation with an encapsulation device to restore fertility in patients with infertility. We endeavor to discuss the reliability of this method with the current literature and bring the evidence on its feasibility © 2020 Elsevier LtdÖğe Surface coating of magnetite nanoparticles with fluorescence derivative for the detection of mercury in water environments(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Oguz M.; Bhatti A.A.; Yilmaz M.In this study, we report synthesis of new fluorescent compound integrated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles for the detection of mercury ion (Hg2+) in aqueous environment. Fluorescent compound synthesized by reacting dansyl chloride with isonipecotic acid in one simple step reaction. The synthesized compound, dansyl-isonipecotic acid (DIA) was coated on Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Fe3O4-DIA nanoparticles have average size of 20 nm and pore size 0.3 nm as confirmed from Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Fluorescence study shows the quenching in intensity after addition of Hg2+ ion in Fe3O4-DIA nanoparticles solution, which is due to energy transfer from excited state of ligand to low-lying empty d-orbital of Hg2+. The quenching effect was also confirmed from confocal microscope images of Fe3O4-DIA nanoparticles. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.Öğe Pulmonary Hypertension in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in the Konya Province of Turkey(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2020) Düzenli Kar Y.; Akln F.; Sert A.; Arslan Ş.Objective Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in childhood. Hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to pulmonary vasoconstriction, and heart failure due to various causes are the most important risk factors for mortality in LRTI. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of the patients with LRTI and the frequency of PH that developed secondary to LRTI. Materials and Methods The study included 70 patients who were diagnosed as having LRTI clinically and radiologically between January 2012 and March 2013 at Department of Pediatrics, Konya Training and Research Hospital. Age, sex, risk factors for LRTI, symptoms and physical examination findings, laboratory tests, and Doppler echocardiography findings of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results Of the patients, 44 (62.9%) were male and 26 (37.1%) were female. Thirty-seven (52.9%) patients were younger than 1 year, and the mean age was 2.5 ± 3.11 years. The most common symptoms of the patients were cough and fever. Rhonchus, retraction, and crackles were found to be the most common findings in physical examinations. Heart failure was found in 10% of patients and PH was detected in 8.6% through Doppler echocardiography. Development of heart failure and the presence of bilateral patch infiltration on posteroanterior chest X-rays were significantly more frequent in patients with PH. Some 42.9% of patients had at least one viral agent in their nasopharyngeal swabs. The most common viral agents were respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses. Conclusion PH may develop during the course of LRTI in children. Given that the development of PH can cause life-threatening complications such as heart failure, affected patients should be kept under close follow-up. It should be remembered that PH is more likely to develop in patients with bilateral patch infiltration on chest X-ray. © 2020 by Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Stuttgart. New York.Öğe Roll-to roll initiated chemical vapor deposition of super hydrophobic thin films on large-scale flexible substrates(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Şakalak, H.; Yılmaz, K.; Gürsoy, M.; Karaman, M.In this study, a large-scale roll-to-roll initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) system was developed to allow for coating superhydrophobic thin films on flexible substrates. Poly(hexafluorobutyl acrylate), which possesses a short fluorinated side-chain, was chosen as the hydrophobic finish material, while a commercial porous bamboo fabric was used as the flexible substrate. After iCVD coating, bamboo surface, which is superhydrophilic by its nature, transformed into a superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 156° without changing its porous and flexible structure. Similar hydrophobic properties were observed against various daily liquids. Complete coverage of as-deposited films on both sides of bamboo surfaces was observed at very high roll speeds up to 225 mm/min, which allow coatings on 20 m2 flexible substrates in a single run. Large scale contact angle and chemical uniformity of coatings on fabric surfaces were evaluated using contact angle and XPS analyses. © 2019 Elsevier LtdÖğe Shear wave elastography evaluation of testes in patients with varicocele(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2020) Erdoğan, Hasan; Durmaz, Mehmet Sedat; Arslan, Serdar; Gokgoz Durmaz, Funda; Cebeci, Hakan; Ergun, Osman; Soğukpınar Karaağaç, SedaWe aimed to determine histological damage in patients with varicocele by comparing the elasticity of their affected testes with that of their normal contralateral testes as well as normal testes of control subjects without varicocele using shear wave elastography (SWE). In total, 48 patients with varicocele (96 testes) and 52 control subjects (104 testes) were included in this study. Shear wave elastography values were measured in the longitudinal plane using an oval region of interest that covered as much of the testicular contours as possible. Fifty testes with varicocele were classified as group A, 46 normal contralateral testes of the same patients as group B, and 104 normal testes of control subjects as group C. The normal group C testes were randomly chosen from patients who had applied for ultrasonography for any reason and agreed to participate in the study. The testicular volume and SWE values were compared between these 3 groups. The average age of the patients was 28.45 years, and no significant difference in age was found between the 3 groups (P = 0.665). A significant difference in the testicular volume was found between groups A and C (P = 0.014). The SWE values were significantly higher in group A than in groups B and C (P < 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between the testicular volume and SWE values in any of the groups. Our results showed that SWE can be used as an effective technique to assess testicular stiffness in patients with varicocele to predict interstitial fibrosis and the severity of histological damage.Öğe Salivary Del-1, IL-17, and LFA-1 levels in periodontal health and disease(Blackwell Munksgaard, 2020) Inönü E.; Kayis S.A.; Eskan M.A.; Hakki S.S.Objective and Background: Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), and interleukin 17 (IL-17) play critical roles in transendothelial migration of neutrophils in periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary Del-1, IL-17, and LFA-1 protein levels in patients with gingivitis (G), chronic periodontitis (CP), and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP). Methods: A total of 180 systemically healthy, non-smoking patients (45 periodontally healthy (H) and 45 G, 50 CP, and 40 GAP) individuals (between March 2014 and February 2016) were included in this study according to Armitage's (1999) classification. Clinical periodontal parameters, including clinical attachment level, probing depth, plaque index, and gingival index, were recorded. Del-1, IL-17, and LFA-1 protein expression levels were measured in unstimulated saliva samples collected from patients by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for multiple comparisons and post hoc statistical analyses, respectively. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Del-1, IL-17, and LFA-1 in distinguishing periodontal disease from health and gingivitis. Results: It was found a high level of IL-17 and a low level of Del-1 in the CP and GAP, as compared to the G and H groups (P <.001). Nevertheless, we found LFA-1 levels were higher in the GAP than in the CP or G groups (P =.00). Consistently, LFA-1 levels were lower in the H and G groups than in the CP and GAP groups (P =.00). The combination of three biomarkers was found as the best predictor yielded exhibited the highest AUC [0.893, 0.845-0.94 (%95 CI) P <.001] in discriminating periodontal disease from health and gingivitis. Conclusion: Salivary Del-1, LFA-1, and IL-17 levels might be useful markers for determining the clinical health and disease status of patients with periodontitis. However, further studies that evaluate the level of salivary Del-1, LFA-1, and IL-17 before and after periodontal therapy are required to understand the exact roles of these cytokines during the periodontal healing period. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdÖğe Postconditioning ozone alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury and enhances flap endurance in rats(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2020) Elsürer, Çağdaş; Önal, Merih; Selimoğlu, Nebil; Erdur, Ömer; Yılmaz, Mustafa; Erdoğan, Ender; Kal, Öznur; Çelik, Jale Bengi; Önal, ÖzkanMuscle-flap transferring is a routine approach utilized in reconstructive operations; however, flap morbidity is often a source of post-operative difficulty. Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (IRI) is an important contributor to the viability of flaps after transferring. The goal of this research was for assess the probable useful impacts of ozone on flap survival in a rat muscle-flap design. Materials and Methods: We examined the effects of postconditioning ozone administration on viability of pedicled composite flaps. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: sham-operated (S), ischemia-reperfusion (IR), sham-operated + ozone (O), IR + ozone (IR + O), respectively. The animals were sacrificed on the eighth day. In a general histological evaluation, flap tissues were examined with a light microscope, and apoptotic cells were counted. The Apoptotic Index (AI) was then calculated. Flap-tissue samples were sent for analyses of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and protein carbonyl (PCO), and blood samples were sent for analyses of Total Oxidant Score (TOS), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC). Data were evaluated statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The histomorphometric score was remarkably greater in O (p =.002). The AI was greater in IR (p =.002). The antioxidant parameters values as regards SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and TAC were found to be greater in O (p <.005). The oxidant parameters values as regards MDA, PCO, TOS were found to be greater in IR (p <.005). Discussion: The current research indicates that ozone application can attenuate the muscle-flap injury brought about by IR through triggering the increase of the antioxidant capacity.Öğe Production and characterization of chitosan-fungal extract films(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Koc B.; Akyuz L.; Cakmak Y.S.; Sargin I.; Salaberria A.M.; Labidi J.; Ilk S.A fungal extract obtained from an edible species (Tricholoma terreum) was used to produce chitosan-based films. Fungal extracts were analyzed using HPLC and chitosan-based films were characterized with FT-IR, SEM, DSC and TGA analysis. High phenolic content was found in the fungal extracts using HPLC. FT-IR results showed that fungal extracts were successfully added into the chitosan films. The addition of fungal extract increased elasticity, hydrophobicity and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the chitosan films. Additionally, anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activities of chitosan-fungal extract films were found to be much higher than gentamicin (a commonly used antibiotic). However, incorporation of extracts into chitosan films decreased transparency and thermal stability. All these results suggested that chitosan-fungal extract films might be beneficially used to improve food packaging technology. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
