Türk Edebiyatında Mitoloji Arayışları
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Tarih
2017
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türk edebiyatı Tanzimat’la birlikte köklü bir dönüşüme uğrar. Bu süreçte mitolojik yapı da yön değiştirir. Batı edebiyatına eklemlenen Türk edebiyatı da bu yolla Yunan mitolojisiyle dolaylı olarak temasa geçer. Çeviriler, Yunan mitolojisinin ilk yansıdığı verilerdir. Telif eserlerde de mitolojik imajlar görülmeye başlar. Bu eğilim başlangıçta bilinçli ve güçlü bir kanal oluşturmaz. Fakat Şemseddin Sami ile Nabizâde Nâzım’ın Esâtir adlı çalışmaları, Abdülhak Hâmit’in şiirlerine ve tiyatrolarına, Ahmet Mithat Efendi’nin romanlarına yansıyan mitolojik unsurlar Yunan mitolojisini Türk edebiyatına açar. Bu ilk dönem eserlerinde mitolojiye karşı ihtiyatlı bir tutum gözlenir. Klasikler tartışmasıyla mesele edebiyat ortamında yer edinmeye başlar. Yahya Kemal ve Yakup Kadri’nin Nev-Yunanilik oluşumu mitolojinin daha etraflı şekilde incelenmesine zemin hazırlar. Yahya Kemal Yunan mitolojisini Akdeniz havzası medeniyetinin sonucu olarak değerlendirir. Nev-Yunanilik, mitolojiye, Tanzimat’taki aktarmacılığın ötesinde, bilinçli bir kaynaklara gitme anlayışı, Yahya Kemal’in, şiirini üzerine kuracağı sağlam bir temel arayışıdır. Fakat arayış düzeyinde kalır. Yakup Kadri ise eski Yunan’a bağlılığını, romanlarında üslup özelliği olarak sürdürür. Salih Zeki Aktay’ın mitolojik şiirleri Türk edebiyatında farklı bir hat oluşturur. Türk edebiyatının Yunan mitolojisine kayan doğrultusu, Yunan mitolojisinin kaynağı durumundaki Yunan klasiklerini örnek almasını öngören Türkçü yazarlar tarafından da pekiştirilir. Türk mitolojisi de Ziya Gökalp tarafından gündeme getirilir ve ana hatları belirlenir. 1940’lar, Türk edebiyatında hümanizma ve onun sanatsal karşılığı olan mitolojinin yükselişe geçtiği yıllardır. Hasan Âli Yücel’in iradesiyle devlet politikası olarak başlatılan yoğun tercüme faaliyetiyle Yunan klasikleri herkes için okunur hale gelir. İnsan ve Yücel dergileri hümanist düşüncenin lokomotifi olur. Bu dergiler etrafında Hilmi Ziya Ülken, Sabahattin Eyuboğlu, Orhan Burian, Selahattin Batu, Füruzan Hüsrev Tökin gibi aydınlanmacı yazarlar Türk hümanizmasının teorisini kurarlar. Avrupa’da Rönesans’a yol açan hümanist düşüncenin Yunan değil Anadolu kaynaklı olduğu tezini savunan Mavi Anadoluculuk bu çizgide gelişir. Akımın öncüsü Halikarnas Balıkçısı, antik kültürün Türk edebiyatına yerleşmesinde önemli bir işlev yüklenmiştir. Azra Erhat, Sabahattin Eyuboğlu ve İsmet Zeki Eyuboğlu da diğer önemli isimleridir.
Turkish literature undergoes a radical change with the Tanzimat, or Reformation. The mythological structure also changes direction in this process. Turkish literature, which enters into interaction with the Western literature, thus gets into contact with the Greek mythology indirectly. Translations are the initial data where the Greek mythology is reflected. Mythological images also begin to appear in the books written. This tendency does not constitute a conscious and strong channel at the beginning. However, mythological elements that are involved in Şemseddin Sami and Nabizâde Nâzım’s work titled Esâtir, or mythology, Abdülhak Hâmit’s poems and plays and Ahmet Mithat Efendi’s novels open Greek mythology to Turkish literature. A cautious approach is observed towards mythology in the works written in this initial period. The issue begins to gain a place in the literary environment through a debate on classics. The New-Grecism approach led by Yahya Kemal and Yakup Kadri lays the groundwork for detailed investigation of mythology. Yahya Kemal considers the Greek mythology to be a consequence of the civilization of the Mediterranean basin. New-Grecism is involves an informed approach to gain access to mythology, transcending the simple eclecticism of The Reformation Era, and a search for a solid ground on which Yahya Kemal would establish his poetry. However, his efforts remain at the level of searches only. Yakup Kadri, on the other hand, maintains his adherence to old Greece as a stylistic feature of his novels. Salih Zeki Aktay’s mythological poems constitute a different channel in Turkish literature. The direction of the Turkish literature, which is headed for the Greek mythology, is further reinforced by Turkist authors who argue that Turkish writers should take as examples the Greek classics, which are the sources for Greek mythology. Turkish mythology is also raised as an issue of the agenda by Ziya Gökalp and its essentials are laid down. The 1940s in the Turkish literature represent the years when humanism and its artistic equivalent mythology start to rise. Greek classics become available and readable by everyone thanks to the intensive translation efforts initiated by Hasan Âli Yücel’s orders as a state policy. The magazines İnsan and Yücel become the driving forces behind the humanistic thought. Enlightened authors such as Hilmi Ziya Ülken, Sabahattin Eyuboğlu, Orhan Burian, Selahattin Batu, Füruzan and Hüsrev Tökin, who gather around these magazines, establish the theory of Turkish humanism. Mavi Anadoluculuk, or Blue Anatolianism, which argues that humanist thought, which led to the Renaissance in Europe, is of Anatolian origin, not of Greek origin, develops in this line. Halikarnas Balıkçısı, leader of this movement, assumes a significant role in the introduction of ancient culture into Turkish culture. Azra Erhat, Sabahattin Eyuboğlu and İsmet Zeki Eyuboğlu are other prominent figures of this movement.
Turkish literature undergoes a radical change with the Tanzimat, or Reformation. The mythological structure also changes direction in this process. Turkish literature, which enters into interaction with the Western literature, thus gets into contact with the Greek mythology indirectly. Translations are the initial data where the Greek mythology is reflected. Mythological images also begin to appear in the books written. This tendency does not constitute a conscious and strong channel at the beginning. However, mythological elements that are involved in Şemseddin Sami and Nabizâde Nâzım’s work titled Esâtir, or mythology, Abdülhak Hâmit’s poems and plays and Ahmet Mithat Efendi’s novels open Greek mythology to Turkish literature. A cautious approach is observed towards mythology in the works written in this initial period. The issue begins to gain a place in the literary environment through a debate on classics. The New-Grecism approach led by Yahya Kemal and Yakup Kadri lays the groundwork for detailed investigation of mythology. Yahya Kemal considers the Greek mythology to be a consequence of the civilization of the Mediterranean basin. New-Grecism is involves an informed approach to gain access to mythology, transcending the simple eclecticism of The Reformation Era, and a search for a solid ground on which Yahya Kemal would establish his poetry. However, his efforts remain at the level of searches only. Yakup Kadri, on the other hand, maintains his adherence to old Greece as a stylistic feature of his novels. Salih Zeki Aktay’s mythological poems constitute a different channel in Turkish literature. The direction of the Turkish literature, which is headed for the Greek mythology, is further reinforced by Turkist authors who argue that Turkish writers should take as examples the Greek classics, which are the sources for Greek mythology. Turkish mythology is also raised as an issue of the agenda by Ziya Gökalp and its essentials are laid down. The 1940s in the Turkish literature represent the years when humanism and its artistic equivalent mythology start to rise. Greek classics become available and readable by everyone thanks to the intensive translation efforts initiated by Hasan Âli Yücel’s orders as a state policy. The magazines İnsan and Yücel become the driving forces behind the humanistic thought. Enlightened authors such as Hilmi Ziya Ülken, Sabahattin Eyuboğlu, Orhan Burian, Selahattin Batu, Füruzan and Hüsrev Tökin, who gather around these magazines, establish the theory of Turkish humanism. Mavi Anadoluculuk, or Blue Anatolianism, which argues that humanist thought, which led to the Renaissance in Europe, is of Anatolian origin, not of Greek origin, develops in this line. Halikarnas Balıkçısı, leader of this movement, assumes a significant role in the introduction of ancient culture into Turkish culture. Azra Erhat, Sabahattin Eyuboğlu and İsmet Zeki Eyuboğlu are other prominent figures of this movement.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Türk edebiyatı, mitoloji, Nev-Yunanilik, Mavi Anadolu akımı, Turkish Literature, mythology, New-Grecism, The Blue Anatolia Movement
Kaynak
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
37
Künye
Küçük, S., (2017). Türk Edebiyatında Mitoloji Arayışları. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 37, 69-90.
