Ulus-Devletin Anadolu’ya Taşınmasında Demiryolları
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2023 Ekim
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Selçuk Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Osmanlı Devleti’nin demiryolu ile buluşması XIX. yüzyılın ortalarıdır.
Öncelikli alan olarak ticari anlamda kullanılan demiryolu hatları, II.
Abdülhamit’in askeri ve devlet gücünün yansıtılması amacıyla kullanılmıştır.
Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda ise demiryolları hatları savaşta, askeri teçhizat ve
ordunun taşınmasında önemli bir rolü vardır. Geç Osmanlı ve Erken
Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde ise demiryolu bir anlamda ulus-devletin inşa
sürecinin başat noktalardan biri haline gelmiştir. Milli Mücadelede hem askeri
üstünlük hem de propaganda olarak kullanılan demiryolu, Cumhuriyet
idaresinin kurulmasıyla birlikte en çok önem verilen alan olmuştur. Bu
çalışma ulus-devlet inşa paradigmasında demiryolunun hangi amaçlarla
kullanıldığının ve işlevselliğinin hangi noktada olduğunu yansıtmak amacıyla
hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada Osmanlı’nın demiryolu politikasının temeli ve
Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde dönüşmesine yer verilmiştir. Cumhuriyet Dönemi
demiryolu politikasından yola çıkılarak ulus-devlet inşa sürecinde demiryolu
ağının ne denli önemli olduğu da örneklerle ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Ayrıca Cumhuriyet mekân ideolojisinin diğer Anadolu şehirlere taşınmasında
demiryolu ağının önemine değinilmiştir. Merkez kentlerinin çevresindeki
kentlere olan etkisinin demiryolu sayesinde kazanılan ekonomi, nüfus ve
sosyo-kültürel kazanımlarda bu çalışmada yer almaktadır.
The meeting of the Ottoman Empire with the railway is in the middle of the XIX. century. The railway lines, which were used commercially as a priority area, were used to reflect the military and state power of the II. Abdulhamit. In the First World War, railway lines played an important role in the war, in the transport of military equipment and the army. In the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods, the railway, in a sense, became one of the main points of the nation-state building process. The railway, which was used as both military superiority and propaganda in the National Struggle, became the most important area with the establishment of the Republic administration. This study has been prepared in order to reflect for what purposes the railway is used and at what point its functionality is in the nation-state building paradigm. In the study, the foundation of the Ottoman railway policy and its transformation in the Republican Period are included. Starting from the railway policy of the Republican Period, it has been tried to express with examples how important the railway network is in the nationstate building process. In addition, the importance of the railway network in the transfer of the Republican space ideology to other Anatolian cities was mentioned. In this study, the effect of the central cities on the surrounding cities is included in the economy, population and socio-cultural gains gained thanks to the railway.
The meeting of the Ottoman Empire with the railway is in the middle of the XIX. century. The railway lines, which were used commercially as a priority area, were used to reflect the military and state power of the II. Abdulhamit. In the First World War, railway lines played an important role in the war, in the transport of military equipment and the army. In the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods, the railway, in a sense, became one of the main points of the nation-state building process. The railway, which was used as both military superiority and propaganda in the National Struggle, became the most important area with the establishment of the Republic administration. This study has been prepared in order to reflect for what purposes the railway is used and at what point its functionality is in the nation-state building paradigm. In the study, the foundation of the Ottoman railway policy and its transformation in the Republican Period are included. Starting from the railway policy of the Republican Period, it has been tried to express with examples how important the railway network is in the nationstate building process. In addition, the importance of the railway network in the transfer of the Republican space ideology to other Anatolian cities was mentioned. In this study, the effect of the central cities on the surrounding cities is included in the economy, population and socio-cultural gains gained thanks to the railway.
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Keywords
Ulus, Devlet, Demiryolu, Cumhuriyet, Osmanlı Devleti, Nation, State, Railways, Republic of Turkey, Ottoman Empire
Journal or Series
Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
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Volume
Issue
59
Citation
İlyas, A., (2023). Ulus-Devletin Anadolu’ya Taşınmasında Demiryolları. Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (59), 55-74.
DOI: 10.21563/sutad.1378236
