Asmada poliploidi azot protoksitin (N2O) uygulanabilirliği
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2018
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dünyada 6.969.373 ha alanda üretilen 67.067.129 ton taze üzümün, %6.4’ünü sağlayarak Türkiye, Dünyakuru üzüm üretiminde ikinci ve sofralık üzüm üretiminde beşinci sırayı almaktadır. Ülkesel düzeyde üzümüretimi ve pazar payının sürdürülebilmesi için yeni ve özellikle de iri taneli üzüm çeşitlerine gereksinimduyulmaktadır. Poliploid bitkilerin oluşumu kolhisin, oryzalin, trifluralin, amiprophos–methyl gibidepolimerizasyon ajanı bazı bileşiklerle, hücre bölünmesine müdahale etmek suretiyle teşvikedilebilmektedir. Azot protoksit (N?O), 1970’lerden itibaren antimitotik ajan olarak poliploid bitkilerüretilmesinde, anormal mayotik hücre bölünmesi yoluyla indirgenmemiş gamet oluşumu çalışmalarındakullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, poliploid asma ıslahında N?O’nun uygulanabilirliği irdelenmiştir. Ploiditeşviki maksadıyla kullanılan kimyasalların uygulandığı bitki kısımları, uygulama teknikleri, dozları veetkinliği türler ve hatta çeşitler düzeyinde farklılıklar arz etmektedir. N?O basınca dayanıklı bir kapta farklısürelerde aktif mitoz veya mayoz bölünmedeki dokulara (polen ve/veya yumurta kesesi ana hücresi)uygulanmaktadır ve bu şekilde 2n polen, poliploid fide ve/veya sürgün oluşumu teşvik edilmektedir. Asmaıslahında uygulanmasına yönelik çalışmaya rastlanılmamış olup birçok bitkinin gamet, zigot ve fidelerine,bir poliploidize edici madde olarak N?O uygulanabilmektedir. Genomik araçların uygulanması ve 2n–gametin teşvikinde rol oynayan genler ve mekanizmaların tanımlanması ve izolasyonu, farklı bitkitürlerinde artan kullanım sağlayarak bitki ıslahında yeni yollar açacaktır.
Turkey, providing 6.4% of 67.067.129 tons of fresh grapes produced in 6.969.373 hectares area surface inthe world is taking the second rank in world raisin production and “the fifth in table grape production. Newand especially bigger grape varieties are needed to sustain grape production and market share at the globallevel. The formation of polyploidy plants can be promoted by interfering with cell division with certaincompounds of depolymerisation agents such as colchicine, oryzalin, trifluralin, amiprophos–methyl.Nitrogen protoxide (N?O) has been used for the production of polyploidy plants as an antimitotic agent,since 1970’s and for unreduced gametogenesis studies through abnormal meiotic cell division. In this study,the applicability of N?O in polyploid grapevine breeding was reviewed. Plant parts applied of the chemicalsused for ploidy induction, application techniques, dosages and activity differ in species and even varieties.N?O is applied to (pollen and/or the main cell of the egg vesicle) tissues during active mitosis or meiosisdivision at different times in a pressure resistant tank and thus 2n pollen, polyploid seedlings and/or shootformation is promoted. There was no study on the N?O application in grape breeding while it is possible toapply N?O as a polyploidizing agent to gametes, zygotes and seedlings of many plants. The application ofgenomic devices and identification and isolation of genes and mechanisms involved in the induction of 2n–gamete will enable increased exploitation in different plant species, which will open new ways for plantbreeding.
Turkey, providing 6.4% of 67.067.129 tons of fresh grapes produced in 6.969.373 hectares area surface inthe world is taking the second rank in world raisin production and “the fifth in table grape production. Newand especially bigger grape varieties are needed to sustain grape production and market share at the globallevel. The formation of polyploidy plants can be promoted by interfering with cell division with certaincompounds of depolymerisation agents such as colchicine, oryzalin, trifluralin, amiprophos–methyl.Nitrogen protoxide (N?O) has been used for the production of polyploidy plants as an antimitotic agent,since 1970’s and for unreduced gametogenesis studies through abnormal meiotic cell division. In this study,the applicability of N?O in polyploid grapevine breeding was reviewed. Plant parts applied of the chemicalsused for ploidy induction, application techniques, dosages and activity differ in species and even varieties.N?O is applied to (pollen and/or the main cell of the egg vesicle) tissues during active mitosis or meiosisdivision at different times in a pressure resistant tank and thus 2n pollen, polyploid seedlings and/or shootformation is promoted. There was no study on the N?O application in grape breeding while it is possible toapply N?O as a polyploidizing agent to gametes, zygotes and seedlings of many plants. The application ofgenomic devices and identification and isolation of genes and mechanisms involved in the induction of 2n–gamete will enable increased exploitation in different plant species, which will open new ways for plantbreeding.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bahçe Bitkileri, Bitki Bilimleri, Toprak Bilimi, Bağcılık, Viticulture, asma ıslahı, grapevine breeding
Kaynak
Bahçe
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
47
Sayı
Özel Sayı 1
Künye
Kara, Z., Özer, A., Sabır, A., Yazar, K., Doğanay, O. (2018). Asmada Poloploidi İndüksiyonunda Azot Protoksitin (N2O) Uygulanabilirliği. Bahçe, 1, 659-669.
