Mevlâna’nın Hoşgörü Felsefesi ve İletişim
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İletişim kurmak insanoğlunun en temel ihtiyaçlarından birisidir. Genel olarak insanlar duygu, düşünce ve hislerini paylaşmak isterler. Kişilerarası iletişim kurarken mesajları gönderen konumunda olan kaynak, zihninden geçen mesajı kodlayarak alıcıya kanal vasıtası ile iletir, alıcı mesajı çözümleyip geribildirimde bulunur ve alıcı kaynak; kaynak alıcı değişim sürecinde iletişim gerçekleşir. İletişim kurmak teorik olarak basit gibi görünse de sağlıklı iletişim kurmayı engelleyen birçok unsur vardır. Bu unsurlar fiziksel, teknik, psikolojik ya da sosyal ve örgütsel olarak sınıflandırılabilir (Sabuncuoğlu ve Gümüş, 2008:175). Kaynak tarafından iletilen mesajın, alıcı tarafından tam anlamıyla çözümlenmesi ve alıcının gönderdiği geri bildirimin de aynı şekilde kodlanıp, kaynak tarafından tam manasıyla çözümlenmesi teoride kolay görünse de uygulama da bu kadar basit değildir. Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte değişen şehir yaşamı ve bireysel hayat tarzları kültürel farklılıkların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Kültürel farklılıklar gösteren bireyler arasında iletişim kurma çabaları azalmıştır. Her birey kendi yaşam tarzının daha iyi olduğunu, karşı tarafın davranışlarının doğru olmadığını savunurken, en küçük bir farklılık bile sorun haline getirilmeye başlamıştır. Bireylerin yaşam kültürünün içerisine dini inanışları, giyim tarzları, yemek çeşitleri, ev döşemeleri, izledikleri programlar, dinledikleri müzik gibi birçok unsurlar dâhil edilebilir. Bu unsurlar bireylerin kendi tercihleridir ancak günümüzde ötekileştirme diye de tabir edebileceğimiz bir yaklaşım söz konusudur. İnsanlar kendileri gibi görünmeyen ve düşünmeyen kimselerle zorunlu olmadığı hallerde görüşmekten ya da iletişim kurmaktan kaçınmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Bu bağlamda, etkili iletişim kurmayı engelleyen unsurlar olmasına rağmen, zihnimizden geçen mesajı tam manasıyla iletememenin ya da alıcı olarak kaynağın gönderdiği mesajı çözememekten kaynaklanabilen iletişim çatışmalarını en asgari düzeye indirmenin bir yolu da Mevlâna’nın hoşgörü felsefesini anlamaya çalışmaktır. Mevlâna, dil, din, ırk, inanç, meslek ve sınıf ayrımı yapmadan, insanların farklılıklarına saygı ve sevgi ile yaklaşarak derin hoşgörü anlayışı ile her daim diyalog kurmaya çalışmıştır. Bu çalışma da sağlıklı iletişim kurmada Mevlâna’nın felsefesi ile birlikte, hoşgörünün yeri, etkisi ve önemi incelenecektir.
Communication is one of the most basic needs of human beings. Generally, humans want to share their emotions, thoughts and feelings with the others around. In interpersonal communication, source codes the messages then sends the coded message by channel to the receiver, receiver decodes the message and then sends feedback, thus receiver becomes source, source becomes receiver, by this way, and communication process exists. Although communication process seems easy, there are lots of factors that prevent effective and healthy communication. These factors can be classified under the headings of physical, technical, psychological or social and organizational (Sabuncuoğlu ve Gümüş, 2008:175). Even if decoding of the message sent by the source and also decoding of the feedback sent by the receiver seem easy theoretically, communication process, practically, is not as easy as it theoretically seems. Communication devices are widely spreading and developing so fast today. When we go to the past just a little back in time, although it used to take such a long time to send news from one city to another and to communicate between them, now it is possible to communicate from one village to another country via video and voice calls. When we think of our recent times, I think, noone would ever have imagined that communication devices would develop to such extent. However, although the development of communication devices has given us the opportunity to communicate with larger groups, face-to-face communication and a healthy communication has worsened deeply. In the past, people used to visit each other in the same neighborhood, solve their problems and share their joy altogether, today people are too far from talking to each other even within the family in the same house and from sharing their troubles. As it is emphasized in Martin Luther King’s words, we learnt to fly as birds, swim as fish, but we did not learn the art of living as brothers, technology is developing day by day but effective and healthy human relations are being lost inversely. One of the basic problems of developed and developing societies is the failure of healthy communication. By the developing technology, the changing city life and individual life styles have caused cultural variations. Being in a struggle for communication between the individuals that show cultural variations is decreased. Each individual defends his/her own life style is better but the other sides’ behaviors is not good, thus the slight differences create problems. Religion, dressing styles, food styles, furnishings, TV programs, music styles and such factors can be included in the individuals’ life culture. Those factors are the own choice of them but today there is a tendency that can be named as alienation which can be described as humans avoidance to contact with the ones that do not seem and think as them except the force majeure. Humans are better to see the cultural differences as variations instead of alienating people they are communicating with according to their life styles. Even if the other side is faulty, it is better to warn him/her smoothly. Such a smooth behavior will supply the required amendment even if the other side is obstinate. In this regard, there are factors that prevent effective and healthy communication that one of the ways to minimize the communication conflicts occurring as a result of not transferring the message in our mind in the strict sense or not being able to decode the message sent by source to the receiver is trying to understand the tolerance philosophy of Mawlana. Mawlana puts up arrogance, pride and hatred in human relations and always tolerates the created because of the Creator as expressed in the words by Yunus Emre. People, who have a sincere love for Allah in their hearts, love all humans naturally and approach them with a tolerance. If we intend to deliver our messages in our mind via heatlhy communication, it is important to tolerate misunderstandings, to repeat when an explanation is needed and to express our intention in different ways as a source. And as a receiver, it is important to try to understand the message delivered by the source and to realize what the message is and why it is delivered. Here, tolerance and human love are essential. Both terms are integrated and it is not possible to separate them. If someone does not have any love for humans, then no tolerance is expected. People with no tolerance have no love for humans. In one of his sayings, Mawlana emphasizes how we should see the world, “if you know how to look, you can see a rose among the thorns, it is everyone who can see a rose without a thorn”. Making a great emphasis on love in human relations, Mawlana also offers a formula for a meaningful and satisfactory life in these words: “We do love, that’s why our life is so good to us; we do believe, that’s why our experiences are so nice to us”. Besides, these problems will soon vanish naturally if people learn to see these differences as a change instead of otherizing the people they communicate by judging on their lifestyles. When there are even faulty cases, it will lead to a desired change to warn the people about their behaviors that it damages other people and hurts them in an appropriate way of expression, no matter how stubborn they are in their behaviors. Our proverb “Soft word turneth away wrath” supports the power of using an appropriate language. On the other hand, everyone may have faults and no one is perfect, as stated also by Mawlana, “He, who seeks for a friend without a fault, remains without one”. In this view, it will enable us a better communication to approach people with tolerance instead of seeking for their faults in our view while talking to them. Another sentence expressed by Mawlana as an example to his vast tolerance, “If you seek for good, people will have no bad”, is still valid for people all around the world. Mawlana asks the people around him, “What do you see when you look at a white dress with a large black spot on it?”. The Sufis’ answer is that they see a white dress, not a black spot. Sufi people do not care about other people’s faults as they know that everybody can make a mistake (Jamal, 2007:141). Having positive ideas about people will give positive feedback, in other words, it will block us out from negative ideas when communicating if we can see the full half of the glass instead of seeing other empty half. According to Mawlana, the biggest enemy of a person is the ego, the self or the lust. A person is required to fight against the self, the ego and the lust to reach a point of maturity. Only such people can shape themselves and become a person who respects every human right, is also welcoming and putting value to all human rights within the society (Önder, 1994:48). Besides, a person must also know how to be patient even in the most difficult circumstances to get maturity at first place. As seen in the advice of Sheikh Edebali to Osman Bey, “Dear Son, learn to be patient as no flower gets blossom before its time”, the maturity of a person requires a certain accumulation of knowledge and certain amount of time. Everything has a certain time of realization. Mawlana emphasizes on the importance of patience in these words, “If you are patient, bad friends will be good. Patience makes you feel relieved and refreshed.” (Cunbur, 1978:146). Therefore, we will have a better communication if we succeed to be patient, prudent and tolerant when communicating with other people in order to prevent any conflict of communication. Mawlana has always tried to have dialogue with a deep understanding of tolerance through the respect to people’s varieties and never made discrimination considering their language, religion, race, faith, occupation and class. In this essay, philosophy of Mawlana and the effect and importance of tolerance in healthy communication will be investigated.
Communication is one of the most basic needs of human beings. Generally, humans want to share their emotions, thoughts and feelings with the others around. In interpersonal communication, source codes the messages then sends the coded message by channel to the receiver, receiver decodes the message and then sends feedback, thus receiver becomes source, source becomes receiver, by this way, and communication process exists. Although communication process seems easy, there are lots of factors that prevent effective and healthy communication. These factors can be classified under the headings of physical, technical, psychological or social and organizational (Sabuncuoğlu ve Gümüş, 2008:175). Even if decoding of the message sent by the source and also decoding of the feedback sent by the receiver seem easy theoretically, communication process, practically, is not as easy as it theoretically seems. Communication devices are widely spreading and developing so fast today. When we go to the past just a little back in time, although it used to take such a long time to send news from one city to another and to communicate between them, now it is possible to communicate from one village to another country via video and voice calls. When we think of our recent times, I think, noone would ever have imagined that communication devices would develop to such extent. However, although the development of communication devices has given us the opportunity to communicate with larger groups, face-to-face communication and a healthy communication has worsened deeply. In the past, people used to visit each other in the same neighborhood, solve their problems and share their joy altogether, today people are too far from talking to each other even within the family in the same house and from sharing their troubles. As it is emphasized in Martin Luther King’s words, we learnt to fly as birds, swim as fish, but we did not learn the art of living as brothers, technology is developing day by day but effective and healthy human relations are being lost inversely. One of the basic problems of developed and developing societies is the failure of healthy communication. By the developing technology, the changing city life and individual life styles have caused cultural variations. Being in a struggle for communication between the individuals that show cultural variations is decreased. Each individual defends his/her own life style is better but the other sides’ behaviors is not good, thus the slight differences create problems. Religion, dressing styles, food styles, furnishings, TV programs, music styles and such factors can be included in the individuals’ life culture. Those factors are the own choice of them but today there is a tendency that can be named as alienation which can be described as humans avoidance to contact with the ones that do not seem and think as them except the force majeure. Humans are better to see the cultural differences as variations instead of alienating people they are communicating with according to their life styles. Even if the other side is faulty, it is better to warn him/her smoothly. Such a smooth behavior will supply the required amendment even if the other side is obstinate. In this regard, there are factors that prevent effective and healthy communication that one of the ways to minimize the communication conflicts occurring as a result of not transferring the message in our mind in the strict sense or not being able to decode the message sent by source to the receiver is trying to understand the tolerance philosophy of Mawlana. Mawlana puts up arrogance, pride and hatred in human relations and always tolerates the created because of the Creator as expressed in the words by Yunus Emre. People, who have a sincere love for Allah in their hearts, love all humans naturally and approach them with a tolerance. If we intend to deliver our messages in our mind via heatlhy communication, it is important to tolerate misunderstandings, to repeat when an explanation is needed and to express our intention in different ways as a source. And as a receiver, it is important to try to understand the message delivered by the source and to realize what the message is and why it is delivered. Here, tolerance and human love are essential. Both terms are integrated and it is not possible to separate them. If someone does not have any love for humans, then no tolerance is expected. People with no tolerance have no love for humans. In one of his sayings, Mawlana emphasizes how we should see the world, “if you know how to look, you can see a rose among the thorns, it is everyone who can see a rose without a thorn”. Making a great emphasis on love in human relations, Mawlana also offers a formula for a meaningful and satisfactory life in these words: “We do love, that’s why our life is so good to us; we do believe, that’s why our experiences are so nice to us”. Besides, these problems will soon vanish naturally if people learn to see these differences as a change instead of otherizing the people they communicate by judging on their lifestyles. When there are even faulty cases, it will lead to a desired change to warn the people about their behaviors that it damages other people and hurts them in an appropriate way of expression, no matter how stubborn they are in their behaviors. Our proverb “Soft word turneth away wrath” supports the power of using an appropriate language. On the other hand, everyone may have faults and no one is perfect, as stated also by Mawlana, “He, who seeks for a friend without a fault, remains without one”. In this view, it will enable us a better communication to approach people with tolerance instead of seeking for their faults in our view while talking to them. Another sentence expressed by Mawlana as an example to his vast tolerance, “If you seek for good, people will have no bad”, is still valid for people all around the world. Mawlana asks the people around him, “What do you see when you look at a white dress with a large black spot on it?”. The Sufis’ answer is that they see a white dress, not a black spot. Sufi people do not care about other people’s faults as they know that everybody can make a mistake (Jamal, 2007:141). Having positive ideas about people will give positive feedback, in other words, it will block us out from negative ideas when communicating if we can see the full half of the glass instead of seeing other empty half. According to Mawlana, the biggest enemy of a person is the ego, the self or the lust. A person is required to fight against the self, the ego and the lust to reach a point of maturity. Only such people can shape themselves and become a person who respects every human right, is also welcoming and putting value to all human rights within the society (Önder, 1994:48). Besides, a person must also know how to be patient even in the most difficult circumstances to get maturity at first place. As seen in the advice of Sheikh Edebali to Osman Bey, “Dear Son, learn to be patient as no flower gets blossom before its time”, the maturity of a person requires a certain accumulation of knowledge and certain amount of time. Everything has a certain time of realization. Mawlana emphasizes on the importance of patience in these words, “If you are patient, bad friends will be good. Patience makes you feel relieved and refreshed.” (Cunbur, 1978:146). Therefore, we will have a better communication if we succeed to be patient, prudent and tolerant when communicating with other people in order to prevent any conflict of communication. Mawlana has always tried to have dialogue with a deep understanding of tolerance through the respect to people’s varieties and never made discrimination considering their language, religion, race, faith, occupation and class. In this essay, philosophy of Mawlana and the effect and importance of tolerance in healthy communication will be investigated.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mevlâna, İletişim, Hoşgörü, Mevlâna’nın Felsefesi, Mawlana, Communication, Tolerance, Philosophy of Mawlana
Kaynak
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
30
Künye
Küçükbezirci, Y., (2013). Mevlâna’nın Hoşgörü Felsefesi ve İletişim. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 30, 19-25.
