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    Chemical profile, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties of two Scutellaria species: S-orientalis L. and S-salviifolia Benth
    (WILEY, 2019) Zengin, Gökhan; Llorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Molina-Garcia, Lucia; Fernandez-de Cordova, Maria Luisa; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Uysal, Şengül; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah; Bahadori, Mir Babak; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi
    Objectives This study investigates into the biological effects of solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of Scutellaria orientalis L. and Scutellaria salviifolia Benth. based on its enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidant ability together with the screening of bioactive compounds. Methods Total and individual bioactive components were determined using spectrophotometric and HPLC-ESI-MS methods. Six antioxidant assays were conducted and enzyme inhibition was tested against key enzymes linked to the pathology of common chronic disorders. Key findings Results revealed that the aqueous extracts of both plants exerted better 2,2 '-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The methanol extracts showed highest tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant activity in phosphomolybdenum assay while the less polar ethyl acetate extracts showed better acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and alpha-amylase inhibition. Phytochemical evaluation by HPLC-ESI-MS revealed the presence of high amounts of flavones. Conclusions Scutellaria orientalis and S. salviifolia are important sources of bioactive agents that warrants further studies.
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    Integration of in vitro and in silico perspectives to explain chemical characterization, biological potential and anticancer effects of Hypericum salsugineum: A pharmacologically active source for functional drug formulations
    (PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2018) Bender, Onur; Llorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Zengin, Gökhan; Mollica, Adriano; Ceylan, Ramazan; Molina-Garcia, Lucia; Fernandez-de Cordova, Maria Luisa; Atalay, Arzu
    The genus Hypericum is one of the most popular genera in both traditional medicine and scientific platform. This study is designed to provide conceptual insights on the biological potential and chemical characterization of H. salsugineum, which is endemic to Turkey. The qualitative and quantitative phenolic content of the extracts was characterized by HPLC-ESI-MSn. Biological efficiency was investigated by enzyme inhibitory assays (cholinesterases, tyrosinase, amylase, and glucosidase) and anti-cancer efficacy tests (anti-proliferative activities with the iCELLigence technology, colony formation and wound healing scratch assays). Phenolic acids (3-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic, and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acids) were the predominant group in the studied extracts, although several flavonoids were also detected and quantified. The extracts exhibited good inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and glucosidase, while they had weak ability against cholinesterases and amylase. Computational studies were also performed to explain the interactions between the major phenolics and these enzymes. The extracts displayed significant anti-cancer effects on breast carcinoma cell lines. Our findings suggest that Hypericum salsugineum could be valued as a potential source of biologically-active compounds for designing novel products.
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    Parentucellia latifolia subsp. latifolia: A potential source for loganin iridoids by HPLC-ESI-MSn technique
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2019) Llorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Fernandez-de Cordova, Maria Luisa; Zengin, Gökhan; Bahadori, Mir Babak; Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi
    This study attempts to compare the pharmaceutical potential (antioxidant and key enzyme inhibition of clinical relevance) of organic and aqueous extracts of Parentucellia latifolia (L) Caruel subsp. latifolia (L) Caruel as well as phytochemical composition. The phytochemical compounds were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods (for total amounts) and HPLC-ESI-DAD-MSn (for individual compounds). The extracts were screened for antioxidant abilities by in vitro assays. Inhibition effects were also investigated against a set of enzymes linked to major health problems. Generally, the methanol (MeOH) and aqueous extracts displayed higher scavenging abilities on radicals and reductive effects when compared with the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract. On the other hand, the EtOAc extract was the most active inhibitor on cholinesterases (1.81-1.88 mg GALAE/g), amylase (0.70 mmol ACAE/g), glucosidase (2.85 mmol ACAE/g) and lipase (33.24 mg OE/g). The highest TPC was observed in the aqueous extract (25.07 mg GAE/g) while MeOH extract possessed the highest level of TFC (44.15 mg RE/g) and TPAC (3.46 mg CE/g). LCMSn metabolite profiling indicated that loganin and its isomers, rutin, and luteolin-O-hexoside were the most abundant compounds. Our results suggest that P. latifolia may be valuable source of phyto-agents for the management of noncommunicable diseases. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.