Yazar "Gülşen, Nurettin" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 18 / 18
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe Bi?r Yosun Ekstraktinin (Maxicrop) Yumurtacı Tavuklarda Veri?m Üzeri?ne Etki?leri?(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 1993) Coşkun, Behiç; İnal, Fatma; Şeker, Erdoğan; Gülşen, Nurettin; Arık, H. DeryaIn this study, the effects of seaweed soluble powder (maxicrop), used as growth promoter in plants on egg production, feed intake, feed efficiency and egg yolk color in hens were investigated Total 108 hens aged 44 weeks were used and three groups were designed During 12 weeks, the animals fed control feed, the feed containing 0.1 % and 1 % seaweed powder. Later, all groups fed control ration during 5 weeks. In first period, average egg production in groups were 68.23, 74.45 and 62 05 %, respectively (p<0.05) Feed intake for 1 kg eggs was lower in the group fed % 0.1 seaweed powder. It was found, the seaweed powder affected positively to yolk color, but didn't to feed intake. As a result, to increase egg yield, seaweed powder may use in poultry diets but it is needed additional researches about this area.Öğe Determination of Protein Ruminal Degradabilities of Some Protein Sources(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2003) Umucalilar, HD; Coskun, B; Gülşen, Nurettin; Polat, ES; İnal, FatmaIn this experiment, some of the protein sources such as meat-bone meal (MBM), fish meal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), cotton seed meal (CSM) and sun flower meal (SFM) samples were incubated in rumen for varying periods by using Nylon-bag technique and have been monitored for the Dry Matter Degradation (DMD), Crude Protein Degradation (CPD) and Effective Rumen Degradability of Protein (ERDP). The ERDP values of MBM was 50.26 %, FM 38.12 %, SBM 61.38 %, CSM 59.79 % and SFM 75.74 % in 5 % outflow rate/hour. There was a considerable variation in dry matter and protein degradation within and between feedstuffs.Öğe Effect of Lactose and Dried Whey Supplementation on Growth Performance and Histology of the Immune System in Broilers(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2002) Gülşen, Nurettin; Coşkun, B.; Umucalılar, H. D.; İnal, Fatma; Boydak, MuratThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lactose and dried whey supplementation as dietary component on growth performance and histology of lymphoid organs and ileum in broilers. A total of 480 day-old chicks were utilised for 42 days. Animals were assigned randomly to one of three treatments: control, lactose (2.5%), and dried whey (3.85%). Body weight was greater for animals supplemented with lactose or dried whey than for those not supplemented. There were no effects of treatments on feed intake and feed efficiency. In general, the effects of lactose or dried whey supplementation on histology of lymphoid organs and ileum were variable. Plasma cell counts were lower for animals supplemented with lactose than for those supplemented with dried whey. However, the length of intestinal villi during the starter period was greater for experimental groups than for control group.Öğe The Effects of Bentonite on Egg Performance of Laying Hens(Indian Counc Agricultural Res, 2000) Inal, Fatma; Gülşen, Nurettin; Coşkun, Behiç; Arslan, C.The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bentonite on egg production, egg weight, egg specific gravity, feed consumption and feed efficiency of laying hens. Babcock Brown laying hens at 32 weeks of age were fed diets containing 0 (control), 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5% bentonite for 3 months. Egg yield was not affected by bentonite. Damaged egg rates (broken plus abnormal size) decreased by feeding 1.5 and 2.5% bentonite, whereas 3.5% did not have any effect. Egg weight 61.42, 61.15, 61.21 and 60.41 g of experimental groups respectively. Both egg weight and egg specific gravity were not influenced by bentonite. Feed efficiency (kg feed/kg egg) was 2.47, 2.45, 2.43 and 2.59 in the groups fed 0, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5% bentonite respectively.Öğe Efficacy of Megasphaera elsdenii inoculation in subacute ruminal acidosis in cattle(WILEY, 2019) Arık, Huzur Derya; Gülşen, Nurettin; Hayırlı, Armağan; Alataş, Mustafa SelçukTwo consecutive experiments were carried out to determine efficacy of Megasphaera elsdenii inoculation in alleviation of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). In the first experiment, SARA was induced by feeding corn- and wheat-based diets (20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of TMR, DM basis) in six ruminally cannulated heifers. Continuous pH was obtained using data loggers embedded in rumen. In corn (80%)- and wheat (60%)-based diets ruminal pH ranged from 5.2 to 5.6 for 7.77 and 5.93hr. In the second experiment (5day), M.elsdenii (200ml; 2.4 x 10(10) cfu/ml) was inoculated during the first two days. During the SARA induction period, M.elsdenii and S.bovis in rumen liquor were more abundant in wheat-based feeding (7.97 and 8.77) than in corn-based feeding (7.06 and 7.95 per ml, log basis; p<0.0001 for both). M.elsdenii inoculation increased total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration when corn-based diet was fed, whereas it decreased total VFA concentration when wheat-based diet was fed (p<0.004). There was a decrease in the propionic acid proportion (24.04%-19.08%; p<0.002), whereas no alteration in lactate and ammonia concentrations was observed. M.elsdenii inoculation increased protozoa count (from 5.39 to 5.55 per ml, log basis; p<0.009) and decreased S.bovis count (from 9.18 to 7.95 per ml, log basis; p<0.0001). The results suggest that M.elsdenii inoculation may help prevent SARA depending on dietary grain through altering rumen flora as reflected by a decrease in S.bovis count and an increase in protozoa count.Öğe Farklı bakım şartlarında kınalı kekliklerin (A.chukar) bazı verim özellikleri(1997) Çetin, Orhan; Kırıkçı, Kemal; Gülşen, NurettinBu çalışma, Türkiye'nin yerli bir yaban hayvan türü olan Kınalı Kekliklerin entansif şartlardaki yumurta verimi, kuluçka ve civcivlerin büyüme özelliklerini tespit etmek ve korunmasına katkıda bulunmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Türkiye'nin çeşitli yörelerinden getirilen Kınalı Keklikler; 5 erkek:5 dişi olacak şekilde serbest ve herbirinde 1 erkek: 1 dişi olacak şekilde toplam 5 kafeste çiftleştirilmişlerdir. Sürü ve kafes kekliklerinden elde edilen ortalama yumurta verimi, yumurta verimi (%), yumurta ağırlığı, döllülük oranı, kuluçka randımanı ve çıkım gücü değerleri sırasıyla; 38.40 ve 11.20 adet, %47ve% 16, 19.31 ve 18.99 g, % 89.06 ve % 57.14, % 81.25 ve % 53.57 ve % 91.11 ve % 93.75 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Gruplarda; yumurta ağırlığı ve yumurtlama randımanı değerleri arasında P0.01 düzeyinde; yumurta verimi, döllülük oranı ve kuluçka randımanı değerleri arasında P0.001 düzeyinde önemli bir farklılık bulunurken, döllü yumurtalardan çıkan civciv oranı değerinde herhangi bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (P0.05). Kafes ve sürü kekliklerinde yumurtlama sezonu sırasıyla; 68 ve 83 gün devam etmiştir. Denemede kullanılan her iki gruba ait anaç kekliklerin ortalama canlı ağırlıkları 411.39 g olarak bulunurken bu kekliklerden elde edilen keklik civcivlerinin 18 haftalık yaştaki ortalama canlı ağırlıkları 431.32 g olarak gerçekleşmiştir, ilk yumurta ortalama 34 haftalık yaşta alınmıştır. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda, Kınalı Keklikler üzerinde bakım-besleme ve yumurta veriminin artırılmasına yönelik araştırmalar yapılmasının korunmasına ve gelişmekte olan av sektörüne katkıda bulunabileceği kanaatine varıldı.Öğe Ham Ayçi?çek Yağı Yeri?ne Yan Ürünleri?ni?n Yumurta Tavuklarında Enerjii Kaynağı Olarak Kulanımı(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 1994) İnal, Fatma; Coşkun, Behiç; Gülşen, Nurettin; Kurtoğlu, Varol; Balevi, TahirThis experiment was carried out to determine the effects of feeding laying diets supplemented with crude sunflower oil and its refining by-products (sunflower soapstock, acidulared sunflower soapstock and volatile matters) asa source of energy on their laying performance. 168 Hisex Brown hens aged 54 weeks were us ed. Sunflower o il and i ts by-products were added at 2.5 % in feeds and the experiment was conducted for twelve weeks. Addition of sunflower soapstock, acldulated sunflower soapstock and volatile matters to the diets replace sunflower oil had no significant difference on egg production, egg weight, feed intake, feed canversion efficiency and body weight. These by-products were cost approximately half of sunflower oil and the ir addition to die ts reduced feed cost at 5 %. Sunflower soapstock, acidulared sunflower soapstock and volatile matters, compared with sunflower oil, reduced fe ed co st for one egg 11. 07, 1. 1 O and 3. 85 %, respectively. lt was concluded that by-products from refining crude sunflower oil can be use economicaly replace crude oil in laying hens without adverse effect.Öğe Japon Bıldırcınların Rasyonlarında Yosun Ekstrakti Kullanımı: 2. Yosun Ekstraktının Yumurta Veri?mi? Üzeri?ne Etki?leri?(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 1995 Ocak) İnal, Fatma; Coşkun, Behiç; Çiftçi, M. Kemal; Gülşen, NurettinTwo trials were conducted in this study. In the first trial, total 72 female Japanese quails aged 5 weeks were used. During 8 weeks, the animals fed diets containing 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 % Maxicrop extracted from Ascophyllum nodosum. The effects of Maxicrop on egg production, egg weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, body weight and egg yolk color in quails were investigated. In the second trial, total 20 Japanase quails (8 males+12 females) at the age of 8 weeks were used. Maxicrop was added to basal diet at the levels of 0, 1, 2 and 4 %, and whether its toxic effects were determined. The results of this study were summarised as follows. 1. No positive effect of seaweed extract on egg production, egg weight, feed efficiency and body weight was determined. 2. Seaweed extract affected positively to yolk color. 3. Seaweed extract may use in the diets of laying quails up to 4 % without deleterious effects.Öğe Japon Bıldırcınların Rasyonlarında Yosun Ekstraktı Kullanımı: 1.Yosun Ekstraktının Büyüme Üzeri?ne Etki?leri?(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 1995 Ocak) İnal, Fatma; Coşkun, Behiç; Çelik, İlhami; İnal, Şeref; Gülşen, Nurettin; Yener, ZabitTwo trials were conducted in this study investigating the possibilities of a seaweed extract from Ascophyllum nodosum (Maxicrop) in Japanese quails. In the first trial, total 336 day old quails were used. During 5 weeks, the animals fed diets containing 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 % extract. The effects of Maxicrop on body weight, daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, histologic changes in lymphoid tissues and some carcass parameters in quails were investigated. In the second trial, total 20 day old Japanase quails were divided 4 groups. Extract was added to basal diet at the levels of 0, 1, 2 and 4 %, and whether its toxic effects were determined. The trial was lasted at 4 weeks. The results of this study were summarised as follows: Body weights and daily gains were not affected from of seaweed extract. In the group fed 1% extract feed intake increased while feed efficiency decreased (P<0.05). No effect of extract on histological characteristics of lymphoid tissues and some carcass parameters was determined. It was found that seaweed extract up to 4 % in the diets of quails no pathological lesions.Öğe Potential Role of Inulin in Rumen Fermentation(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2010) Umucalılar, Huzur Derya; Gülşen, Nurettin; Hayırlı, Armağan; Alataş, Mustafa SelçukThe objective of this in vitro experiment was to examine the potential effects of inulin (0, 2 and 4%) at different forage / concentrate ratio (20 / 80, 40 / 60 and 60 / 40) on rumen fermentation variables during 48h long incubation. Fermentation Of pore inulin produced lower lactate and acetate but higher propionate and butyrate than the basal Mixture leading to high total ruminal VFA concentrations. Ruminal fluid pH and NH3-N concentration linearly increased, whereas lactate concentration quadratically decreased as the forage proportion increased (P < 0.01) but these parameters were not significantly affected by the inulin addition. The total VFA concentrations quadratically decreased with increasing forage proportion and were associated with the increase of acetate proportion and the decreases of butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate proportions (P < 0.001 to 0.05). The inulin effect on the VFA production was dependent of the forage/concentrate ratio of the mixture (P < 0.05) but this fructan exhibited no significant effect by itself on the overall and specific ruminal VFA formation. The total gas production mainly produced front insoluble but slowly fermentable portion of the mixture linearly decreased as forage proportion increased (P < 0.001) whereas it linearly increased with increasing inulin dosage (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the inulin addition exerts only minimal modifier effect on rumen fermentation.Öğe Role of Lactulose as a Modifier in Rumen Fermentation(Medwell Online, 2010) Hayırlı, Armağan; Umucalılar, Huzur Derya; Gülşen, Nurettin; Çitil, Özcan BarışThis in vitro experiment was conducted to examine the effects of lactulose (0, 2 or 4%) on ruminal fermentation of mixtures differing in the forage concentrate ratio (F C, 20 80,40 60 or 60 40) Ruminal fluids collected from two Holstein steers were incubated with the mixtures for 48 h Data were subjected to 2 way ANOVA Lactulose did not alter ruminal fluid pH, ammonia and lactate concentrations, individual and total Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) concentrations and gas production There was a linear Increase in ruminal fluid pH from 671-6 76 (p<0 0001), a linear decrease in ammonia concentration from 15 84-11 77 mmol L-1 (p<0 0001), a quadratic increase in lactate concentration from 25 51-26 91 mmol L-1 (p<0 04) as the F C ratio increased from 10 80-60 40 Moreover, increasing the forage level caused linear increases in the acetate (from 53 89-55 69%, p<0 0002) and valerate (from 3 05-3 25%, p<0 003) proportions and a linear decrease in the butyrate proportion (from 19 74-17 32%, p<0 0001) and a linear decrease in cumulative gas production from 4114-33 54 mL (p<0 0001) The effects of the F C ratio and lactulose level on gas kinetics parameters were variable Lactulose addition failed to modify alterations in rumen fermentation characteristics of the mixtures varying in the F C ratio In conclusion, lactulose fermentation in ruminal fluids had minimal effects on fermentability of the mixture consisting of different F C ratios suggesting that lactulose does not modify alterations in rumen fermentation in cattle during their growth and lactation phases.Öğe Serbest ve Korunmuş Formdaki? Asi?t Yağın Süt I?nekleri?nde Rumen Fermentasyonu ve Süt Veri?mi? Üzeri?ne Etki?leri?(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2000) Gülşen, Nurettin; İnal, Fatma; Coşkun, Behiç; Umucalılar, H. Derya; Arslan, CavitIn this study, the effects of acidulated sunflower oil, acidulated sunflower oil plus calcium and Ca soap which was prepared from acidulated sunflower oil on some rumen parameters, digestibility milk production and milk production parameters in mid and late lactation periods of dairy cows were determined with two replicated 4x4 latin square design. Acidulated sunflower oil 8%, acidulated sunflower od plus Ca and Ca soap was added 10% to concentrate diets in control group acidulated oil acidulated oil plus Ca and Ca soap groups NH-N levels were determined 125.5. 130.57 120.05 and 129.98 mmol/l, total VFA values were 126.84, 138.35 133.34 and 147.97 mmol in the ruminal fluids respectively and among groups there was not statistically significantly difference ( P > 0.05) Or ganic matter digestibility were found 62 80, 58.49, 57 36 and 56.35%, crude fat digestibility was found 84.31 85.81 92.09 and 92 10% in groups respectively. Organic matter, crude fat crude protein and crude fiber digestibilities were determined statistically non significant among groups (P > 0.05) Dry matter intakes were determined 17.95. 17 42 18 13 and 18.54 kg/day, milk productions were 23.34, 21 15, 19.1 and 21.73 kg/day, respectivelyÖğe Sunflower Oil Supplementation Alters Meat Quality but Not Performance of Growing Partridges (Alectoris Chukar)(WILEY, 2010) Gülşen, Nurettin; Umucalılar, Huzur Derya; Kırıkçı, Kemal; Hayırlı, Armağan; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Alaşahan, SemaThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sunflower oil supplementation (0%, 3%, 6% and 9%) to partridge chicks (Alectoris chukar) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics. Feed consumption and live weight gain were responsive to dietary sunflower oil inclusion during the starter period, but not during the grower period. Increasing sunflower oil level linearly increased crude protein and fat digestibilities. Except for abdominal fat, weights of inedible parts and edible organs remained unchanged by the diets. The treatments linearly decreased weight and efficiency of carcass and weights of wings and breast and did not alter weights of thighs and neck. Breast meat saturated fatty acids decreased linearly by 17.9% and unsaturated fatty acids increased linearly by 10.6%, as sunflower oil level increased in the diets. Monounsaturated fatty acids decreased linearly by 27.3%, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids increased linearly by 51%. Overall, n-3 (0.78% vs. 0.59%) and n-6 (42.6% vs. 29.8%) were greater in breast meat in treatment groups than in control group. In conclusion, sunflower addition into diets has minimal effects on performance of growing partridges, but significantly alters meat fatty acid composition.Öğe Utilization of cryopreserved ruminal liquor in in vitro gas production technique for evaluating nutritive value of some feedstuffs(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2017) Gülşen, Nurettin; Arık, Huzur Derya; Hayırlı, Armağan; Alataş, Mustafa Selçuk; Aksoy, MelihIn vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) is a routine method in nutritional sciences to determine energy content, organic matter (OM) digestibility, and fermentation kinetics of feedstuffs. After collecting from two ruminally cannulated Holstein heifers (350 kg), rumen liquors were used either fresh or cryopreserved form in the inoculums for IVGPT. Starch-(barley, wheat, and corn) and protein-rich (sunflower meal, cotton seed meal, and soybean meal) feedstuffs were evaluated for gas production kinetics, fermentation pattern, and energy content in 5 replicates. pH, NH3-N concentration and volatile fatty acids (VFA) profile, gas production, and fermentation kinetics parameters were measured. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA. Viable protozoa rate was found to be 70.8% in cryopreserved rumen liquor after thawing. Decrease in pH in thawed rumen liquor was less than fresh rumen liquor as the incubation period advanced. Utilization of frozen rumen liquor after thawing in IVGPT was associated with lower VFA and NH3-N concentration, cumulative gas production, and metabolisable energy estimate for all feedstuffs. In conclusion, despite high correlation between in vitro data obtained from fresh and thawed rumen liquors to predict gas production, further experiments should cope with improving cryopreservation protocol for rumen liquors in order to optimize microbial activity for maintaining fermentation pattern.Öğe Yemleri?n Rumende Yıkımlanması ve Süt Veri?m Parametreleri? Üzeri?ne Protei?n Katkılı Korunmuş Yağların Etki?leri? 1. Yemleri?n Rumende Yıkımlanması Üzeri?ne Etki?leri?(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2000) Gülşen, Nurettin; İnal, FatmaIn this study the effects of oils and protein coated with Ca soaps on degradation of feeds were investigated using one year old, three female Akkaraman lambs with rumen fistule. Effects of crude sunflower oil (HY), acidulated oil refined from crude sunflower oil (AY) and protein coated with Ca soaps prepared from these fat sources (PKHY, PKAY) which are at level of 8 \% in concentrate feed were determined on degradation of wheat straw, barley, and soybean meal in rumen. Dry matter degradation of soybean meal at the periods of incubation 2, 4 and 24 hours was not significant among groups (P > 0.05) however, the degradation with 8 hours period was found 47 10, 52.21 53.78, 55.77, 51.91% respectively in control, HY ,PKHY,A , PKAY groups (P < 0.05) . The degradation of bar- ley was found lower in control group than other groups at 2 hours incubation ( hat P < 0.05 ) . The degradation level with 8 hours incubation was determined 71.32, 78.39, 75.65, 77.42, 78.97 % respectively There were important differences between control group and the other groups, and the differences between PKAY and PKHY groups were significant (P < 0.05) It was determined that the degradation level of straw was very high particularly during 48 hours in AY and HY groups including free fat; however, there were statically no differences among groups in three incubation periods (P > 0.05) As a result, both crude and Ca treated oil fractions improved ruminal dry matter degradation of barley and SBM and did not effect wheat straw.Öğe Yemleri?n Rumende Yıkımlanması ve Süt Verim Parametreleri? Üzeri?ne Protei?n Katkılı Korunmuş Yağların Etki?leri? II. Süt Veri?m Parametreleri? Üzeri?ne Etki?leri?(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2000) Gülşen, Nurettin; İnal, FatmaThe effects of oils and protein coated with Ca soaps or milk production parameters were investigated in this study. The effect of acidulated oil soybean meal Ca (OH) 2 (AY) and protein coated acid oil Ca soaps (PKAY) on dry matter intake and milk yield parameters in early lactation of dairy cows were examined. There were no sig- nificant differences among groups in investigated parameters (P * 0.05) Dry matter intakes were found 16.11. 15.41. 15.53 kg/day respectively in control, AY and PKAY groups. The amount of acidulated oil + soybean meal + Ca (OH) 2 and PKAY obtained from ration was found 5.3 and 5.5% of dry matter intake Milk yield was found 25.16, 23.59 23.84 kg/day respectively in control AY and PKAY groups in these groups, adjusted milk yield according to 3.5% milk fat calculated 23 73, 20.83 and 22kg / d * ay Adjusted milk yield and daily milk fat yield were low because of the low milk production and milk fat similarly the milk yield and milk protein concentration affected daily milk protein yield in negatively, Milk protein concentration was found 3.18, 3.04, 3.0, milk fat concentration was found 3.19 2.90 314. non fat dry matter concentration of milk was found 8 23 8 10 8,15. respectively in control. AY and PKAY groups. The addition of fat to ration both free fat and Ca soap forms effected mentioned milk fractions negatively as desc ribed before. As a result, these oil sources did not affect milk production and milk parameters statistically significantly on dairy cows.Öğe Yemlerin rumende yıkımlanması ve süt verim parametreleri üzerine korunmuş proteinli yağların etkileri(Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1998) Gülşen, Nurettin; İnal, Fatmaİki deneme halinde yürütülen bu çalışmada yemlerin rumende yıkımlanması ve ineklerde süt verim parametreleri üzerine yağların ve korunmuş proteinli Ca sabunlarının etkileri incelenmiştir. Birinci denemede konsantre yemde % 8 düzeyinde bulunan ham ayçiçek yağı (HY) ve ham ayçiçeği yağından elde edilen asit yağ (AY) ile bu yağların proteinli Ca sabunlarının (KPHY, KPAY) buğday samanı, arpa ve soya küspesinin kuru maddelerinin rumendeki yıkımlanma dereceleri üzerine etkileri tespit edilmiştir. Soya küspesinin rumendeki kuru madde yıkımlanması 2, 4 ve 24 saatlik inkübasyon dönemlerinde gruplara göre farklılık göstermemiştir (P>0.05). Sekiz saat süreli inkübasyonda SFK yıkımlanması kontrol, HY, KPHY, AY, KPAY gruplarında sırasıyla; % 47.10, 52.21, 53.78, 55,77, 51,91 olarak elde edilmiştir (PO.05). Arpa yıkımlanması 2 saat süreli inkübasyonda, kontrol grubunda diğer gruplara kıyasla daha düşük bulunmuştur (P<0.05). 8. saat süreli inkübasyonda yıkımlanma dereceleri sırasıyla % 71.32, 78.39, 75.65, 77.42, 78.97 olarak gerçekleşmiş, kontrol grubu ile yağ ve Ca sabunu bulunan gruplar arasında ve KPAY ile KPHY grupları arasında farklılık tespit edilmiştir (P<0.05). 65 Samanın yıkımlarına derecesinin serbest yağ bulunan AY ve HY gruplarında özellikle ilk 48 saatte daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiş ve üç inkübasyon periyodunda da gruplar arasında istatistiksel yönden farklılık görülmemiştir (P>0.05). İkinci deneme asit yağ+SFK+Ca(OH)2 karışımının ve birinci denemede belirtildiği şekilde hazırlanan korunmuş proteinli asit yağın (KPAY) erken laktasyon döneminde bulunan süt ineklerinde kuru madde tüketimi ve süt verim parametreleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiş ve incelenen özellikler bakımından gruplar arasında belirgin bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (P>0.05). Kuru madde tüketimi kontrol, AY ve KPAY gruplarında sırasıyla 16.11, 15.41, 15.53 kg/gün olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Rasyonla tüketilen asit yağ+SFK+Ca kaynağı karışımı ve KPAY miktarı kuru madde tüketiminin sırasıyla % 5.3 ve % 5.5'i olarak bulunmuştur. Süt verimi kontrol, AY ve KPAY gruplarında sırasıyla 25.16, 23.59, 23.84 kg/gün olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Gruplarda % 3.5 yağa göre düzeltilmiş süt verimi sırasıyla 23.73, 20.83 ve 22.00 kg/gün olarak hesaplanmıştır. AY ve KPAY gruplarında süt verimi ve süt yağının düşük olması düzeltilmiş süt verimi ve süt yağı verimini, aynı şekilde süt verimi ve proteininin düşük olması süt protein verimini olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Süt proteini kontrol, AY, KPAY gruplarında sırasıyla % 3.18, 3.04, 3.06; süt yağı % 3.19, 2.90, 3.14; yağsız kuru madde % 8.23, 8.10, 8.15 olarak bulunmuş, hem serbest yağ hem de Ca sabunu formunda rasyona yağ katılmasının belirtilen süt fraksiyonlarını olumsuz yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; serbest veya Ca sabunu formunda yağ kaynaklarının rumende kuru madde yıkımlanması üzerine olumsuz yönde etkilemeyip arpa ve SFK'nin kuru madde yıkımlanmasını artırdıkları, süt ineklerinde süt verimi ve parametrelerini istatistiksel olarak önemli derecede farklılaştırmadıkları söylenebilir.Öğe Yemlerin Rumende Yıkımlanması ve Süt Verim Parametreleri Üzerine Protein Katkılı Korunmuş Yağların Etkileri I. Yemlerin Rumende Yıkımlanması Üzerine Etkileri(2000) Gülşen, Nurettin; İnal, FatmaBu araştırmada kontrol grubu karma yeminin % 8'i yerine ham ayçiçek yağı (HY) ve ham ayçiçeği yağından elde edilen asit yağ (AY) ile bu yağların protein katkılı Ca sabunlarının (PKHY, PKAY) katılmasının buğday samanı, arpa ve soya küspesinin kuru maddelerinin rumendeki yıkımlanma dereceleri üzerine etkileri tespit edilmiştir. Soya küspesinin rumendeki kuru madde yıkımlanması 2, 4 ve 24 saatlik inkübasyon dönemlerinde gruplara göre farklılık göstermemiştir (P0.05). Sekiz saat süreli inkübasyonda SFK yıkımlanması kontrol grubunda PKHY ve AY gruplarına göre daha düşük bulunmuştur (P0.05). Arpa yıkımlanması ilk iki inkübasyonda, kontrol grubunda diğer gruplara kıyasla daha düşük bulunmuş, 8 saat süreli inkübasyonda kontrol grubu ile yağ ve Ca sabunu bulunan gruplar arasında ve PKAY ile PKHY grupları arasında farklılık tespit edilmiştir (P0.05). Samanın yıkımlanma derecesinin serbest yağ bulunan AY ve HY gruplarında özellikle ilk 48 saatte daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiş ve üç inkübasyon periyodunda da gruplar arasında istatistiksel yönden farklılık görülmemiştir (P0.05). Sonuç olarak; serbest veya Ca sabunu formunda yağ kaynaklarının rumende kuru madde yıkımlanmasını olumsuz yönde etkilemeyip arpa ve SFK'nin kuru madde yıkımlanmasını artırdıkları söylenebilir.
