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Öğe 41 B Asma Anacına In Vivo Kolhisin Uygulamalarının Morfolojik ve Sitolojik Etkileri(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2018 Kasım) Kara, Zeki; Doğan, Osman; Yazar, Kevser; Sabır, AliEkonomik olarak geniş bir alanda yapılan bağcılık, filoksera zararlısının geniş alanlara yayılması nedeniyle neredeyse anaç kullanılmadan yapılamaz hale gelmiştir. Mevcut asma anaçları sektörün gereksinimlerini tam olarak karşılayamadığından anaç ıslahı da sürekli olarak önem arz etmektedir. Bu amaçla, vegetasyon süresi daha kısa, biyotik ve abiyotik stres koşullarına daha dayanıklı anaçların geliştirilmesi üzerine çalışılmaktadır. Bağcılıkta tetraploid üzüm çeşitlerinin yanı sıra anaçların da geliştirilmesi son yıllarda daha yoğun ilgi çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 41B anacına ait tek göz çelikleri serada köklendirilip hızlı büyümeye geçtikleri dönemde farklı sürelerde (24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat) ve farklı dozlarda (%0.1, %0.3, %0.5, %0.7, %0.9 ve %1.1) kolhizin uygulamalarının ploidiyi teşvik etme üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Kolhizin doz ve uygulama sürelerine göre morfolojik değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Stoma boyu, stoma genişliği ve stoma alanında artış, stoma sayısında ise azalma tespit edilmiştir. Ancak flow sitometri (FC) analizlerinde sitolojik değişiklik tespit edilememiştir. Sonuç olarak, 41B tek göz çeliklerinden gelen sürgünlere farklı doz ve uygulama süreleriyle yapılan kolhizin uygulamalarından elde edilen materyalin FC analizine göre mitotik oto poliploid bitkilere ulaşılamadığı anlaşılmıştır. 41B asma anacında kolhizinle poliploidi teşvikine yönelik tam mutasyon frekansının bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre 1/240’tan daha düşük olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bununla birlikte kolhizinle muamele edilmiş materyalde tespit edilen önemli morfolojik farklılıklar ve FC analizlerindeki sınırlı varyasyon nedeniyle materyalin bundan sonraki sürecinin takip edilmesi için araziye aktarılması planlanmaktadır.Öğe Ancient Grape Vitis Vinifera L. cv ‘Eks?i Kara’ in Anatolia(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2018) Kara, Zeki; Sabır, Ali; Eker, ÖmerMany grape breeding programs have been conducted in certain institutions as cross breeding between superior genotypes or clonal selection of local accessions of Vitis vinifera L. varieties in Turkey. ‘Eks?i Kara’ is an ancient grapevine cultivar intensively grown in Konya due to its well-adaptation to ecology. Thus, it has been promising with its unique characteristics peculiar to similar ecologies. This variety is robust and very fruitful in comparison with many other V. vinifera L. varieties, and it has been commonly consumed as table grapes, seeded appetizer when dried naturally or molasses ‘pekmez’. Consumption of its binned or fresh leaves is also a traditional and global marketing way. The sex of the flowers is functionally female, and need a pollinator, for a satisfactory berry set. ‘Go?k U?zu?m’, another ancient and autochthonous grape variety is suggested as a prima pollinizer. The clonal selection studies have been continuing since 2010 in commercial vineyards around its geographic origin. The ampelographic description of ‘Eks?i Kara’ was performed according to OIV (International Bureau of Grapes and Wine) descriptors using a total of 144 criteria, among which 63 were the basic and 81 were complementary identifier. The basic data of the cultivar was collected for clonal selection. There were no distinctive ampelographic differences between vary named grapevines in growing location.Öğe ‘Antep Karası’ Sofralık Üzüm Çeşidinde Hasat Öncesi Biopestisit ve Azotobacter Uygulamalarının Hasat Sonrasında Kalitenin Korunmasına Etkileri(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2018) Kara, Zeki; Küçükbasmacı Sabır, Ferhan; Sabır, Ali; Yazar, Kevser; Günal, EceHasat sonrasında tane hasarı ve salkım iskeleti kuruması gibi zararlar ile Botrytis cinereabaşta olmak üzere mantari enfeksiyonlar sofralık üzümün pazarlamasını sınırlar. Sofralıküzüm kalitesinin hasattan sonra korunmasında SO2 yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte üründe sülfit birikimi riski vardır. Bu nedenle organik ürünlerin muhafazasındakullanımına izin verilmemektedir. Çürümeleri geciktirmek için SO2‘ye alternatif yöntemlerdenenmektedir. Bu çalışmada ‘Antep Karası’ (Vitis vinifera L.) sofralık üzüm çeşidindehasat sonrasında kalitenin korunması amacıyla Bacillus subtilis (Bs) QST 713 ile Azotobacter chroococum + Azotobacter vinelandii (Ac+Av) karışımı preparatların etkileri denenmiştir. Üretici bağında hasat öncesinde (24 saat) Bs 15 ml L-1, Bs 30 ml L-1, Ac+Av 10ml L-1, Ac+Av 20 ml L-1 omca üzerinde salkıma püskürtme şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Ürünhasattan 2 saat sonra soğuk hava deposuna (0 ±1 °C, %85 oransal nem) 500 gramlık poşetlerde konulmuştur. SO2 jeneratörü ped tek doz ile hiçbir uygulama yapılmayan örneklerkontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. 15 gün arayla alınan örneklerde kalite değişimi takip edilmiştir. Bs uygulamalarında ağırlık kaybı (%ak), depolama sürecinde, Azotobacter ve SO2uygulamalarının altında kalmıştır. Bs 15 ml L-1, ak, tane L değeri, olgunluk indisi (oi); Bs30 ml L-1, ak, °Brix, salkım iskeleti sararması (sk), saptan kopma direnci (kd), tat, görünümve titre edilebilir asitlik (ta) üzerine olumlu etkileri ile öne çıkmıştır. Bs ve Ac+Av uygulamaları 1 ay gibi kısa süreli sofralık üzüm muhafazasında SO2 uygulamalarına bir alternatif olabilir görünmektedir.Öğe Asmada poliploidi azot protoksitin (N2O) uygulanabilirliği(2018) Kara, Zeki; Özer, Ayşe; Sabır, Ali; Yazar, Kevser; Doğanay, OsmanDünyada 6.969.373 ha alanda üretilen 67.067.129 ton taze üzümün, %6.4’ünü sağlayarak Türkiye, Dünyakuru üzüm üretiminde ikinci ve sofralık üzüm üretiminde beşinci sırayı almaktadır. Ülkesel düzeyde üzümüretimi ve pazar payının sürdürülebilmesi için yeni ve özellikle de iri taneli üzüm çeşitlerine gereksinimduyulmaktadır. Poliploid bitkilerin oluşumu kolhisin, oryzalin, trifluralin, amiprophos–methyl gibidepolimerizasyon ajanı bazı bileşiklerle, hücre bölünmesine müdahale etmek suretiyle teşvikedilebilmektedir. Azot protoksit (N?O), 1970’lerden itibaren antimitotik ajan olarak poliploid bitkilerüretilmesinde, anormal mayotik hücre bölünmesi yoluyla indirgenmemiş gamet oluşumu çalışmalarındakullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, poliploid asma ıslahında N?O’nun uygulanabilirliği irdelenmiştir. Ploiditeşviki maksadıyla kullanılan kimyasalların uygulandığı bitki kısımları, uygulama teknikleri, dozları veetkinliği türler ve hatta çeşitler düzeyinde farklılıklar arz etmektedir. N?O basınca dayanıklı bir kapta farklısürelerde aktif mitoz veya mayoz bölünmedeki dokulara (polen ve/veya yumurta kesesi ana hücresi)uygulanmaktadır ve bu şekilde 2n polen, poliploid fide ve/veya sürgün oluşumu teşvik edilmektedir. Asmaıslahında uygulanmasına yönelik çalışmaya rastlanılmamış olup birçok bitkinin gamet, zigot ve fidelerine,bir poliploidize edici madde olarak N?O uygulanabilmektedir. Genomik araçların uygulanması ve 2n–gametin teşvikinde rol oynayan genler ve mekanizmaların tanımlanması ve izolasyonu, farklı bitkitürlerinde artan kullanım sağlayarak bitki ıslahında yeni yollar açacaktır.Öğe Bağcılıkta klon seleksiyonu metod yaklaşımları(2018) Kara, ZekiBağcılıkta klon seleksiyonu endüstriyel olarak verim, kalite ve sürdürülebilirlik açısından tüm bağcıülkelerde ilgi duyulan ve özenle çalışılan, üzüm çeşitleri ve bağcılığın geliştirilmesinin ilk adımlarındanbirisini oluşturan konulardan birisidir. Bu çalışmada Portekiz, Almanya, Macaristan ve İspanya gibiülkelerde halen aktif olarak devam eden klon seleksiyon yaklaşımları ile OIV’nin 2017 yılında yayınladığıklon seleksiyonu standart protokolü incelenerek değerlendirilmiştir. Geçmişi birkaç yüzyılı bulan klonseleksiyonu yaklaşımı gelişen süreçte ülkelere göre temel yaklaşım olan belirli virüs hastalıkları baştaolmak üzere sanitasyon ve genetik seleksiyon aşamalarından oluşmaktadır. Bunu yanı sıra yetiştirmetekniklerine uygunluk ve ürün kalitesi konularında dinamik bir yaklaşım vardır. Diğer taraftan birçok ülkeuzun soluklu ve önemli maliyetleri olan seleksiyon çalışmalarına sektörün paydaşlarını da dahil etmektedir.Böylece çıktıların sektöre yayılmasının hızlandırması sağlanmaktadır. Seleksiyonda ileri düzeyeulaşıldığında, başka bir ifade ile tüm bağ alanları seçilmiş klonlardan tesis edildiğinde karşılaşılan birdurum ise global iklim değişikliği gibi yeni durumlar için genetik çeşitliliğin kaybıdır. Genetik stokunkorunma programları ile seleksiyon programlarının uyumlulaştırılmasına gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bukapsamda asma genom yapısında moleküler ıslah için tanımlanan bölgelerin seleksiyon çalışmalarınınbaşlangıcında tanımlanmış kriterler bakımından öne çıkamayan materyalin korunmasına yönelikprogramların geliştirilmesine katkı sunması beklenmektedir.Öğe Bazı Amerikan Asma Anaçlarının Yeşil Aşı Tekniğinde Başarı ve Performansları(2004) Sabır, Ali; Kara, ZekiBu çalışmada aşılı tüplü fidan eldesi amacıyla 2002 yılı aktif büyüme döneminde tüplü 41 B, 99 R ve Rupestris du Lot Amerikan asma anaçları üzerine Razakı ve Hamburg Misketi üzüm çeşitleri kullanılarak V kesitli yeşil aşı yapılmıştır. Araştırmada incelenen değişkenler dikkate alındığında kullanılan anaçların farklı etkilere sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. En yüksek sürgün uzunluğu, sürgün kalınlığı, yaprak sayısı ve aşı tutma oranı sırasıyla Razakı / Rupestris du Lot (31.17 cm), Hamburg Misketi / Rupestris du Lot (4.54 mm), Hamburg Misketi / Rupestris du Lot (12.77 adet) ve Razakı / Rupestris du Lot (%85) aşı kombinasyonlarından kaydedilmiştir.Öğe Bitki büyümesini teşvik eden mikroorganizmaların 41B asma anacı çeliklerinde köklenme ve sürgün gelişmesine etkileri(2018) Kara, Zeki; Yazar, Kevser; Doğanay, Osman; Sabır, Ali; Özer, Ayşe; Çınar, SemihaBağcılıkta verim ve kalitede iyileşmenin sağlanması ve sürdürülebilir bir bağcılık uygulaması için çevreüzerine olumsuz etkileri olan üretim girdileri yerine asma anaçları ve üzüm çeşitleri ile başarılı simbiyotikilişkiler kurabilen mikroorganizmaların tespiti ve pratikte uygulamaya konulmaları giderek daha önemlihale gelmektedir. Kullanılan mikroorganizmaların etkinlikleri türler ve suşlar düzeyinde veuygulandıkları bitkisel materyale göre farklılıklar göstermektedir. 41B asma anacı, kirece dayanımınınyüksek, vejetasyon süresinin nispeten kısa ve erkenciliği teşvik etmesi gibi özelliklerinin yanı sıraköklenme ve aşı başarısındaki düşüklük gibi nitelikleriyle bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 41B asma anacıçeliklerinin farklı bakteri [OSU142 (Bacillus subtilis) 10? CFU ml¹, A18 (Agrobacterium rubi) 10? CFUml¹] ve mantar [Simderma (Trichoderma harzianum) 10? CFU ml¹] uygulamalarının köklenme (kök yaşağırlığı, kök kuru ağırlığı) ve sürgün gelişimi (sürgün boğum sayısı, sürgün çapı, sürgün uzunluğu, sürgünyaş ağırlığı, sürgün kuru ağırlığı) üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Mikroorganizma uygulamalarının 41Basma anacının vegetatif gelişmesini teşvik ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Sürgün boğum sayısı (10.60 adet/bitki)ve sürgün çapı (2.77 mm) değerlerinde OSU–142, sürgün uzunluğu (28.53 cm) ve klorofil içeriğinde(21.50 SPAD) A 18’in daha üstün değerler verdikleri belirlenmiştir. Asma fidan kalitesininiyileştirilmesinde mikroorganizmalardan faydalanılabileceği gösterilmiştir.Öğe Effectiveness of Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.) Seed Extracts on Fungi and Bacteria Management(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2018) Kara, Zeki; Baykan, Mahmut; Doğan, Metin; Ege, DidemGrape (Vitis vinifera L.) seeds from 3 grape varieties were powdered and the fatty material was extracted. These extracts were tested for grape storage restriction fungi Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Aspregillus niger and Penicillium expansum and antibacteria activity for Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus by pour plate method. The grape seed extracts (GSE) were tested against periimplantitis microflora. Suspension of microorganisms was made in sterile normal saline and adjusted to 0.5 Macfarland standard (108 Cfu mL-1 ). From the stock of 65536 mg mL-1 GSEs, serial dilutions were made up to 4 mg mL-1 . It was found that, no effective restriction and/or inhibition for tested fungi and Gram-negative Escherichia coli 35218, Klebsiella pneumonia 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853, and Gram-positive Enterococcus feacalis 51299 bacteria while Gram-positive Staphylococus aureu 44300 was inhibited at 32768 ?g mL-1 GSE of ‘Mu?şku?le’ variety and GSE 65536 ?g mL-1 GSE of ‘Öku?zgözu?’ and Streptococcus pneumonia 49619 bacteria were inhibited at 2048 ?g mL-1 4096 ?g mL-1 and 32768 ?g mL-1 concentration of ‘Kara Dimrit’, ‘Öku?zgözu?’ and ‘Mu?şku?le’ GSEs. The results of the study showed that GSEs has potential antimicrobial effects which can be further studied.Öğe Effects of Colchicine Treatments on Some Grape Rootstock and Grape Varieties at Cotyledon Stage(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2018) Kara, Zeki; Sabır, Ali; Yazar, Kevser; Doğan, Osman; Şit, Mehmet MuratThe present study was conducted to polyploidy possibility induction of grapes in the experiment, apical meristem was treated by colchicine. The factorial experiment based on randomized completely design with tree replications. The factors including different colchicine concentrations (0 as control, 1 gL-1 , 2 gL1 , 3 gL-1 , 4 gL-1 , 5 gL-1 , 6 gL-1 ) and four diploid grape genotypes cv. ‘Gök Üzüm’ (Vitis vinifera L.) which came from conventional ancient time and have a perfect adaptation to the territory, and cv. ‘Trakya İlkeren’ (Vitis vinifera L.) was bred in last two decades in Turkey, and ‘Isabella’ (Vitis labrusca L.) and 41 grape rootstock [Chasselas (Vitis vinifera L.) x (Vitis berlandieri Planch.)] were used. With this purpose eight colchicine doses were dropped to meristematic part of young plantlets twice a day (at 8.30 am and 18:00 pm) during 3 days when first true leaves emerge in greenhouse (25°C during day and 20°C at night). The morphological and cytological parameters were evaluated 16 weeks after the polyploidization treatments. Based on the size and shape, and density of stomata, the number of chloroplasts in guard cells, and chromosome counting in the root tip-end indicated that these descendants were diploids 2n=2x=38 like their parents that colchicine-induced mutation was failed in tested grape genotypes for tetraploid induction. On the other hand, only in the cv. ‘Trakya İlkeren’ an aneuploidy was observed by 5 gL-1 colchicine treated plantlet. Aneuploid ‘Trakya İlkeren’ plantlet was identified as 2n = 2x = 40. It is seeming that grape genotypes hardly response to colchicine induction for genome doubling. This is the first report for colchicine-induced aneuploid in grapes.Öğe Effects of different rooting media and auxin treatments on the rooting ability of Rupestris du Lot (Vitis rupestris) rootstock cuttings(WFL PUBL, 2004) Sabir, Ali; Kara, Zeki; Kucukbasmact, Ferhan; Yucel, Namik KemalThe aim was to highlight the effects of rooting media and auxin treatments on rooting and shooting abilities of one bud Rupestris du Lot (Vitis rupestris) American rootstock cuttings. Eight different media (sand, perlite, peat, sawdust, sand+ perlite, perlite+ peat, sand+ perlite+ peat and perlite+ peat+ sawdust) with four different auxin treatments (control, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm IBA) were examined under glasshouse conditions in which intermitted mist units were installed. In the scope of observations, rooting percentage (%), root number, root length (cm), root weight (g), shoot length (cm) and shoot diameter (mm) were determined. Among the media, sand was pioneering for the root number (11.24), root weight (1.33 g), shoot length (30.33 cm) and shoot diameter (3.12 mm), while perlite was the most appropriate media for rooting (93.3%). On the other hand, with the exception of 500 ppm IBA application, which generally augmented some observed criteria, high dose auxin treatments were not found beneficial on the examined investigations.Öğe The Effects of Malch Applications on the Seedling Quality of 110R and Fercal Grape Rootstocks(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2020) Kara, Zeki; Fakhar, Mohammed Salah MohammednoorıViticulture, in Turkey as well as all over the world is one of the most important agricultural activities as socio-economic issues. Significant quantities of highquality grapevine seedlings are needed to maintain and improve the current state of viticulture at national and global levels. Soil cultivation, irrigation and plant protection activities in the sapling production process not only increase the production cost, but also affect the yield and quality of the seedlings. In this study, mulch applications (Black plastic BP, Black plastic jute PJ, Biodegradable plastic BD, Wheat stalk OM and Control) of 110R and Fercal grape rootstocks obtained from the Sub-Union of Sapling Producers, from standard graftable quality virus free cuttings, in open area conditions was done. Effects of applications on seedling yield and quality (soil temperature (°C), leaf temperature (°C), stomatal conductivity (mmol m-2 s -1 ), leaf chlorophyll content (spad value), leaf area (cm2), leaf number (pieces), leaf weight (g), shoot length (cm), shoot diameter (mm), pruning residue weight (g), shoot development level (0-4 scale), root numbers (pieces) and diameter (mm), root fresh and dry weight (g), root growth level (0-4 scale) and seedling efficiency (%) were examined. While mulch applications in general provided improvement in all parameters examined, the efficiency varied according to grapevine rootstocks and examined properties. In terms of seedling efficiency, BP application in Fercal rootstock and BD application in 110R rootstock were most effective. According to the data obtained from this study, the positive effects of BP and BB, PJ and OM mulch applications were determined in the production of grape rootstock seedlings in open areas and especially in areas where the relative humidity was very low.Öğe Effects of Modified Atmosphere Packing and Ethanol Treatment on Quality of Minimally Processed Table Grapes During Cold Storage(Scientific Issues Natl Centre Agrarian Sciences, 2010) Küçükbasmacı Sabır, Ferhan; Sabır, Ali; Kara, ZekiDuring the past few years, minimally processing industry worldwide has grown rapidly. So far, a number of studies were conducted on extending the postharvest quality of processed commodities. However, literature investigations on minimally processed grapes revealed that limited publications is available. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and ethanol treatments on quality maintenance of stemless grapes cv. 'Muskule' (V vinifera L.). The grape berries were stored at 0 +/- 1 degrees C for 4 weeks and assessed weekly intervals to determine the changes in quality characteristics. All the treatments helped to minimize the quality loss of berries in varying degrees, while untreated berries lost their marketable quality around the 3(rd) week. The taste of the berries was not impaired by applications during storage. MAP was superior in most cases such as restriction of weight loss, and maintenance of berry appearance in comparison with ethanol. Ethanol also helped to preserve the overall quality of stemless berries during storage, although it was ineffective in prohibiting the loss in weight. On the other hand, the use of MAP together with ethanol exhibited the best results in maintenance of overall quality parameters. Therefore, the use such combination shows promise to extend the quality of minimally processed grapes in cold storage.Öğe Effects of modified atmosphere packing and honey dip treatments on quality maintenance of minimally processed grape cv. Razaki (V. vinifera L.) during cold storage(SPRINGER INDIA, 2011) Sabir, Ali; Sabir, Ferhan K.; Kara, ZekiIncreasing pressure in food conservation sector to replace chemical applications has urged researchers to focus on studying new strategies of extending the postharvest life of produces. In such efforts, numerous materials have been tested for their effectiveness as well as suitability in organic consumption. In this study, effects of modified atmosphere packing (MAP) and honey solution dip on maintenance of quality of minimally processed table grape cv. Razaki were investigated. During the storage at 0 A degrees C with relative humidity of 90%, MAP, honey dip, and their combined applications significantly retarded the weight loss of berries that retained about 2 mm of cap stem. Soluble solid contents of all berries slightly increased, while their acid amounts decreased, resulting in consecutive rises of maturity index. With respect to the sensory score, calculated as mean of ten panelists, honey treatment alone was ranked the highest while control berries had significantly lower value. Overall, MAP, honey solution dip or their combination significantly maintained the general quality of minimally processed grape by delaying quality loss and berry decay. Therefore, honey solution dip yielded promising results to use as an edible organic coating barrier to moisture and resist to water vapor diffusion during the cold storage, offering a good adherence to berry surface.Öğe The Effects of Nitrogen Protoxide and Orizalin on Promotion of Polyploidy in Grapes(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021) Kara, Zeki; Erboğa, Mine; Doğan, OsmanThe effort to reach higher yield and quality in grape production without losing the current quality has led researchers to induce polyploidy with chemical mutagens that cause less damage to the environment and researchers to obtain polyploid grape genotypes. The fact that the number of polyploid grape varieties and their production continue to increase creates synergy for research in this direction. In this study, Nitrous Protoxide, Oryzalin and their combined applications were tested to induce polyploidy in seeds and seedlings whose germination was exponentially induced of cvs. Ekşi Kara and Gök Üzüm (both Vitis vinifera L.). After 48-h, N2O at 5 bar pressure was applied to seeds that germinated until root tips were visible, as well as 48-h and/or 96-h 0 (control), 25 ?M and 100 ?M oryzalin were applied to seedlings whose cotyledon leaves reached full size. Ploidy verification was made by flow cytometry (FC) analysis in selected seedlings by examining the effects of the treatments on the surviving seedling rate, stoma density and size, and the number of chloroplasts. While the morphological and cytological effects of all mutagen applications were found to be significant, only one seedling selected from 25 ?M 48-h oryzalin application in Ekşi Kara cultivar was confirmed by FC analysis. Plant survival rate was lower and morphological differences were more pronounced in the combination of N2O and oryzalin. In future studies, more polyploid induction can be tried with different dose and application time combinations of N2O and oryzalin.Öğe The Effects of Ortho Silicon (Optysil) and Ascophyllum Nodosum Based Seaweed Extract (KelpGreen) Applications on the Quality of Table Grape cvs. Gök Üzüm and Müşküle(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022) Kara, Zeki; Uğur, Burcu Nur; Doğan, OsmanTable grapes are one of the most consumed non-climacteric fruits globally, and practices for their quality are socioeconomically important. In this study, the effects of the combined and separate applications of two plant activators Ortho Silicon (Si, Optysil, 0.5 mL L-1 ) and Ascophyllum nodosum-based seaweed extract (ANE, KelpGreen 2.5 ml L-1 ) were tested by two applications after fruit set 15 days intervals to table grapes cvs. Gök Üzüm and Müşküle in a producer vineyard at Hadim town of Konya province in middle Anatolia 37°2'15"N 32°34'53" E, 1060 m above sea level. The effects of the applications on ripening, cluster and berry characteristics and post harvest shelf life during 10 days of storage at room conditions were analyzed. Both plant activators provided an increase in cluster size and an improvement in ripening. Si+ANE was more effective on the maturation and quality retention during the post-harvest shelf-life period. All applications provided reduction in weight loss (WL), decay rate and berry dullness, and it reduced berry separation force due to the drying of the peduncle and decreased the maturity index (MI) increase in the post harvest period. Thus, it contributed to the formation and retention of fruit quality. According to the data obtained from this study, improvements in the sustainable preservation of table grape quality can be achieved by applying Ortho Silicon and A. nodosum based seaweed extract separately and together between after fruit set and before veraison.Öğe The Effects of Ortho Silicone Applications on the Acclimatization Process of Grapevine Rootstocks(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022) Kara, Zeki; Yazar, Kevser; Ekinci, Heydem; Doğan, Osman; Özer, AyşeMicropropagation is a tool for large-scale reproduction of planting material for viticulture sustainability. Successful micropropagation depends on the continued productivity of plantlets during the acclimatization phase. Due to high humidity in the culture container and free water in the environment, it causes rapid water loss and drying of plantlets with watery stems and leaves, poorly developed cuticle, large intercellular space, and incomplete stomata. Acclimatization of in vitro grown plantlets is often difficult. Silicon is gaining in importance as a useful tool in coping with multiple stress factors in different plant species, due to its contribution to the formation of the cuticle of plants, its mechanical resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and its contribution to the flow of water through stomata and plant surfaces. In this study, the effects of 500 and 1000 µL ortho silicon applications at the acclimatization stage on in vitro propagated plantlets of 41B, 110R and Fercal grapevine rootstocks were evaluated by examining their survival rates. In the in vitro propagation process, rooting rates were listed as Fercal (64%) and 110R (32%) and 41B (28%) according to rootstocks, while root numbers were listed as Fercal (11.8), 41B (8.5), 110R (3.6). Genotypic differences were determined in the effects of silicon on plantlets in the acclimation process. In 110R and Fercal control plantlets, all plantlets were lost during acclimatization. Of the plantlets treated with 1000 µL SiO2, 110R 66% Fercal 88% and in 41B, the control, 500 and 1000 µL SiO2 applied plantlets survived 100%, 66% and 66%, respectively. 1000 µL SiO2 dose was more effective on survival rates than 500 µL applications. In subsequent studies, it was found that 1000 µL SiO2 applications could be used for practical success in grapevine genotypes that had problems in acclimatization and in other in vitro propagation studies.Öğe Ekşİ kara ve narince üzüm (Vitis vinifera L.) çeşitlerinde anter kültürü(2018) Kara, Zeki; Yazar, Kevser; Ekinci, HeydemAnter kültürü, haploit bitki elde etmek amacıyla kullanılan bitki ıslahı yöntemlerinden birisidir. Birbitkiden izole edilen anterlerin uygun bir besin ortamında kallus gelişimi ve bitkiye dönüşümü esasınadayanmaktadır. Bu yöntemle üretilen haploit bitkilerden istenilen mutant tipler seçilebilmekte ve yenivaryetelerin geliştirilmesi mümkün olmaktadır. Türkiye’de halen üretimi lokal alanlarında alternatifsizolarak devam eden ‘Ekşi Kara’ ve ‘Narince’ üzüm çeşitlerinde anter kültürü çalışılmıştır. Kültüre başlamaiçin en uygun olduğu kabul edilen yaklaşık tek çekirdekli mikrospor aşamasındaki anterler (0.3–1.0 mmuzunlukta soluk yeşil renkli) kullanılmıştır. In vitro’da N&N besi ortamında, 25 sıcaklıkta, 6 haftakaranlık ortamda kallus gelişimi incelenmiştir. Korolla rengi koyu yeşilden hafif sarıya döndüğü ve henüzaçılmamış çiçek tomurcuklarında bulunan anterlerin daha uygun olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çeşitlerin N&Nbesi ortamına verdiği tepkiler farklı olup ‘Ekşi Kara’ üzüm çeşidinde %22.86 ve ‘Narince’ üzümçeşidinde %35.17 oranında kallus gelişimi tespit edilmiştir. Embriyonik indüksiyonun başlangıç eksplanttipi, gelişme düzeyi, kültür ortamı ve genotipten etkilendiğinden bu çalışmada farklı üzüm çeşitlerininaynı besi ortamına farklı tepkiler verdiği belirlenmiştir. ‘Ekşi Kara’ ve ‘Narince’ üzüm çeşitlerinde uygunbesin ortamı kullanıldığında çeşitler arasında farklı tepkiler bulunmakla birlikte anterlerinden kallus eldeedilebilmektedir.Öğe The fatty acid and tocopherol constituents of the seed oil extracted from 21 grape varieties (Vitis spp.)(WILEY, 2012) Sabir, Ali; Unver, Ahmet; Kara, ZekiBACKGROUND: Fatty acids and tocopherols in appropriate quantities are invaluable attributes that are desirable in seeds of agricultural products. Studies have generally focused on the evaluation of the oil and tocopherol components of oil crops. Recently, investigations revealed that the grape seed has robust potential in the production of healthy fatty acids as well as tocopherols. This study was thus conducted to determine the oil and tocopherol components of grape seeds, obtained from various grape cultivars of different species, including two rootstock varieties. RESULTS: The grape seed oil concentration of the studied varieties ranged from 7.3 to 22.4%. The determined fatty acid profiles of the genotypes conformed to the pattern described in the literature for grapes. Linoleic acid is the major component comprising 53.669.6% of the total, followed by oleic (16.231.2%), palmitic (6.912.9%) and stearic (1.444.69%). The oils of all the seeds analysed showed a preponderance of a-tocopherol (ranging from 260.5 to 153.1 mg kg-1 oil extract). beta-Tocopherol, ?-tocopherol and d-tocopherol were also detected with the general means of 0.98, 22.2 and 0.92 mg kg-1, respectively. Linoleic acid showed a significantly negative correlation with all the fatty acids analysed. The strongest negative correlation existed between linoleic and oleic acids (r = - 0.834, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Present investigations indicated that oil content, fatty acid composition and tocopherol constituents of grape seed show great variation among the genotypes. Markedly higher proportions of linoleic acid with considerable amounts of tocopherols found in the oil samples suggest that grape seed is a good source for culinary, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses. Copyright (C) 2012 Society of Chemical IndustryÖğe Growth and Mineral Acquisition Response of Grapevine Rootstocks (Vitis spp.) to Inoculation with Different Strains of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012) Sabir, Ali; Yazici, M. Atilla; Kara, Zeki; Sahin, FikrettinBACKGROUND: Effects of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains Burkholderia gladii BA-7, Bacillus subtilis OSU-142, Bacillus megatorium M-3 and Azospirillum brasilense Sp 245 on vegetative development and mineral uptake of 1103 P and 41 B grapevine rootstocks were investigated. The roots of nursery plants of the grapevine rootstocks were immersed in bacterial solutions and transplanted to a sterilised peat and perlite mixture in 5 L pots. Plants were cultivated in a semi-controlled glasshouse during the vegetation period. RESULTS: Vegetative development of grapevine rootstocks was obviously promoted by bacterial inoculation, with the maximum increase induced by Sp 245. Inoculation with Sp 245 also significantly improved the chlorophyll concentrations of the leaves of the two rootstocks. Among the bacteria, OSU-142 also significantly stimulated vegetative development and mineral acquisition of the plants. Nutrient contents of the leaf blades of the plants were generally higher than those of control plants. CONCLUSION: Overall investigations revealed that A. brasilense Sp 245 and B. subtilis OSU-142 performed more efficiently than the other strains. Therefore these bacteria seem to have considerable potential in reducing the need for inorganic fertiliser. Copyright (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.Öğe Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and application of micronized calcite to olive plant: Effects on some biochemical constituents of olive fruit and oil(ELSEVIER, 2015) Kara, Zeki; Arslan, Derya; Guler, Mehmet; Guler, SebnemSome physico-chemical properties of olive fruits (Olea europaea L., variety 'Sariulak') and their corresponding oils during 2007-2013 crop seasons were investigated following inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Rhizophagus intraradices) and application of micronized calcite (MC) [as plant growth stimulating product] with special emphasis on individual phenolic compounds. Olive fruits showed greater accumulation of hydroxytyrosol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in plants on which AM was inoculated when compared to the values of uninoculated plants. AMF inoculation resulted in a reduction in vanillin, dimethyloleuropein and luteolin content of olive fruits. Secoiridoid aglycones in the olive oils from treated trees generally tend to decrease. There were differences in the levels of phenolics in fruits and their corresponding oils, such as the amount of hydroxytyrosol rose in AMF+ MC applied fruits, nevertheless the amount of verbascoside, a secoiridoid conjugate of hydroxytyrosol, declined in the oil of AMF+ MC treated plants. After the application of AMF + MC, the oils did not show a significant change in the total phenolics content contrarily to olive fruits. These results highlight that phenolic compounds having hydrophilic structure were influenced by AMF+ MC application more than those of lipophilic structure. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
