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Ameliorative Effects of Dietary Clinoptilolite on Pathological Changes in Broiler Chickens During Aflatoxicosis
(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2001) Ortatatlı, Mustafa; Oğuz, H.
The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). Clinoptilolite (CLI), incorporated into the diet at 1.5 and 2.5 per cent, was evaluated for the ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.5 mg total aflatoxin (AF) kg(-1) diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 360 broiler chicks were divided into six treatment groups [Control, AF, CLI (1.5 per cent), AF plus CLI (1.5 per cent), CLI (2.5 per cent), and AF Plus CLI (2.5 per cent)] each consisting of 60 chicks. Compared to controls, the AF consuming chicks showed increases in the relative weights of liver and kidney; and.-ross-histopathologic hepatic lesions such as paleness, friability, diffuse hydropic degeneration and/or fatty change, bile-duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis. Glumerular hypertrophy, increases in the number of mesengial cells and hydropic degeneration of tubuler epithelium in kidneys of chicks fed diet AF alone were also observed. Atrophy and lymphoid depletion were seen in the thymuses and bursa of Fabricius from the chicks fed At-alone. The additions Of CLI (1.5 and 2.5 per cent) to the AF-containing diet moderately (significantly in some cases) decreased the number of affected broilers and/or the severity of lesions. The addition Of CLI to the Ar-free diet did not produce any significant changes compared with the controls. These results suggest that CLI was effective for the protection Of AF-toxication in broilers and it could contribute to a solution of the AF problem in poultry production.
Biological Suppression of Aflatoxicosis in Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) by Dietary Addition of Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae)
(W B SAUNDERS CO LTD, 2001) Parlat, S. S.; Özcan, M.; Oğuz, H.
The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in Japanese quails was examined by the dietary addition of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; SCE). Yeast incorporated into the diet at 1 g kg(-1) was evaluated for its ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.5 mg total aflatoxin (AF; 82,30 per cent AFB(1), 2.06 per cent AFB(2), 7.68 per cent AFG(1) and 7.96 per cent AFG(2)) kg(-1) diet on growing Japanese quail chicks from 10 days to 45 days of age. Forty 10-day-old Japanese quail chicks were assigned to 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatment's (control, AF, SCE, AF plus SCE) each consisting of 10 quails. The performances of birds were evaluated. The AF treatment significantly and dramatically decreased food consumption and body-weight gain from the first week onwards. The significant adverse effect of AF on the food conversion ratio was also determined from week 1 to the end of the experiments. The addition of SCE to the AF-containing diet significantly reduced these deleterious effects of AF on food consumption, body-weight gain and food conversion ratio. Compared to controls, the cumulative body weight gain was reduced by 37 per cent among the quails consuming AF without SCE, but increased 15 per cent for the: birds fed AF plus SCE. Interestingly, the single inclusion of SCE to the AF-free diet provided significant improvements in all the investigated growth performances of birds (approximately 40 per cent) compared to controls.
Effect of Clinoptilolite on Performance of Broiler Chickens During Experimental Aflatoxicosis
(Carfax Publishing, 2000) Oğuz, H.; Kurtoğlu, V.
1. The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding 2 concentrations of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). Clinoptilolite (CLI), incorporated into the diet at 15 and 25 g/kg, was evaluated for its ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 25 mg total anatoxin (AF; 76.40% AFB(1), 16.12% AFB(2), 6.01% AFG(1) and 1.47% AFG in diet on growing broiler chicks from I to 21 d of age. A total of 360 broiler chicks were divided into 6 treatment groups (6 replicates of 10 broilers each): control, AF. CLI (15 g/kg), AF plus CLI (15 g/kg), CLI (25 g/kg), and AF plus CLI (25 g/kg). 2. Compared to controls, the AF treatment had significantly decreased body weight gain From week 1 onwards. The adverse effect of AF on food consumption (8.0%) and food conversion ratio (8.3%) was also shown over the entire 21-d Feeding period. 3. The addition of CLI (15 g/kg) to an AF-containing diet significantly reduced the deleterious effects of AF on food consumption and body weight gain. Food conversion ratio was also slightly improved by adding CLI (15 g/kg) to AF-containing diets. Food consumption, body weight gain and food conversion ratio values were rendered numerically intermediate between AF and control groups by the addition of CI,I (25 g/kg) to the AF-containing diet. 4. The addition of CLI (both 15 and 25 g/kg) to the AF-free diet did not produce any significant changes compared with the controls, except for decreased total food consumption in the CLI (25 g/kg)-alone group. 5. These results suggest that CLI (15 g/kg) addition effectively diminished the detrimental effects of AF on the values investigated. Also, the lower dietary concentration of CLI (15 g/kg) was more effective than the greater concentration against the adverse effects of AF on the variables investigated in this study.
Effect of Clinoptilolite on Serum Biochemical and Haematological Characters of Broiler Chickens During Aflatoxicosis
(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2000) Oğuz, H.; Keçeci, T.; Birdane, Y. O.; Önder, F.; Kurtoğlu, V.
Clinoptilolite (CLI, a natural zeolite) incorporated into the diet at 1.5 and 2.5 per cent were evaluated for their ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.5 mg total aflatoxin (AF) kg(-1) diet on broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. In total 360 broiler chicks were divided into six equal treatment groups (control, AF. CLI (1.5 per cent). AF plus CLI (1.5 per cent), CLI (2.5 per cent) and AF plus CLI (2.5 per cent)). When compared with the controls, AF treatment significantly decreased serum total protein, albumin, inorganic phosphorus, uric acid, total cholesterol and the values of haematocrit, red blood cell counts, mean corpuscular volume, haemoglobin, thrombocyte counts, percentage of monocyte counts; increased values of white blood cell and heterophil counts. The addition of CLI (1.5 per cent) and CLI (2.5 per cent) to the AF-containing diet reduced the adverse effects of AF and should be helpful in a solution to the aflatoxicosis problem in poultry.
Effects of Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, Synthetic Zeolite and Bentonite on Serum Biochemical and Haematological Characters of Broiler Chickens During Aflatoxicosis
(CARFAX PUBL CO, 1998) Keçeci, T.; Oğuz, H.; Kurtoğlu, V.; Demet, O.
1. Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), synthetic zeolite (SZ) and bentonite (BNT), when incorporated into the diets at 3, 5 and 5 g/kg respectively, were evaluated for their ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.5mg aflatoxin (AF; 83.06% AFB(1), 12.98% AFB(2), 2.84% AFG(1), and 1.12% AFG(2),)/kg diet on growing broiler chickens from 1 day to 3 weeks of age. A total of 210 chicks were divided into 10 treatment groups (control, AF, PVPP, AF plus PVPP, PVPP plus SZ, AF plus PVPP plus SZ, PVPP plus BNT, AF plus PVPP plus BNT, AF plus SZ and AF plus BNT) each consisting of 21 chicks. 2. When compared to control, the AF treatment significantly decreased serum total protein, albumin, inorganic phosphorus, uric acid and total cholesterol, and the values of haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, thrombocyte counts, percentage of lymphocyte and monocyte counts; increased values of white blood cell and heterophil counts. 3. Decreased serum albumin caused by AF was significantly ameliorated by PVPP plus BNT. A similar increase was obtained in serum total cholesterol by adding BNT to the AF-containing diet. 4. The serum uric acid, white blood cell counts and percentage of lymphocyte and monocyte counts were numerically intermediate between control and AF values in all of the adsorbent treatments containing AF. The change in thrombocyte counts was alleviated by all of the adsorbent treatments containing AF, except AF plus SZ. The addition of the adsorbents in the AF-free diets did not significantly alter the serum biochemical and haematological parameters compared to controls.
Efficacy of Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone in Reducing the Immunotoxicity of Aflatoxin in Growing Broilers
(Carfax Publishing, 2000) Çelik, İ.; Oğuz, H.; Demet, Ö.; Dönmez, H. H.; Boydak, M.; Sur, E.
1. Protective action of an enzyme-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP, Mycofix(R) Plus) against the immunosuppressive effect of afatoxins (AF) was evaluated by determination of peripheral blood TP-lymphocyte proportions and splenic plasma cell counts. Histological changes in lymphoid organs were also investigated by light microscopy. One-d-old broiler chicks (Hybro) received 2.5 mg/kg diet AF (83.06% AFB(1), 12.98% AFB(2), 2.84% AFG(1), 1.12% AFG(2)) with or without PVPP (3 g/kg diet) until 21 d of age. 2. When compared with the controls, AF treatment significantly decreased peripheral T-lymphocyte counts. AF caused a slight decrease in splenic plasma cell counts. The addition of PVPP to an AF-containing diet significantly increased T-lymphocyte counts. Splenic plasma cell counts were numerically intermediate between control and AF groups. 3. The dietary addition of PVPP to AF-free diet did not significantly alter either T-lymphocyte or splenic plasma cell counts.
Embryotoxicity Assay of Aflatoxin Produced by Aspergillus Parasiticus NRRL 2999
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2000) Çelik, İ.; Oğuz, H.; Demet, O.; Boydak, M.; Dönmez, H. H.; Sur, E.; Nizamlıoğlu, F.
1. The embryotoxicity of mixed aflatoxins (AF) and aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) were evaluated by a modified chick embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST). Adverse effects on the early embryonic development of thymus and bursa of Fabricius were also investigated by light microscopy. AF consisted of 83.06% AFB(1), 12.98% AFB(2), 2.84% AFG(1) and 1.12% AFG(2). 2. A total of 448 fertilised laying hens' eggs were used. AF and AFB(1) were injected into the eggs at doses of 10, 100 and 1000 ng/egg. Embryonic developmental stages were evaluated according to the Hamburger-Hamilton scale (HH-scale). 3. The results showed that AFB(1) given at 10 ng/egg had a significantly (P<0.05) greater embryotoxic effect than AF given at a similar dose. The higher doses of both AF and AFB(1) caused higher embryonic mortality and also an increase in early deaths. 4. In the groups receiving 100 ng/egg AF and AFB(1) an abnormal development was seen, with a protruded central region, corresponding to the area pellucida of the blastoderm. No other developmental abnormality attributable to AF or AFB(1) was found.
Evaluation of Humoral Immunity of Broilers During Chronic Aflatoxin (50 and 100 Ppb) and Clinoptilolite Exposure
(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2003) Oğuz, H.; Hadimli, Hasan Hüseyin; Kurtoğlu, Varol; Erganiş, Osman
In this study, total aflatoxin, (AF) and a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite; CLI) were added to the broiler feed and development of humoral immunity against Infectious Bronchitis (IB) and Newcastle Disease (ND) was evaluated. A total of 576 1-d-old Ross broiler chicks (96 per each) were housed in six treatment groups [Control, CLI,(15 g/kg diet), 50 ppb AF, 50 ppb,AF plus CLI, 100 ppb AF, 100 ppb AF plus CLI] and fed for 42 days. Compared to controls, the antibody titres of IB were determined significantly lower (p < 0.05) in 50 and 100 ppb AF fed chicks from 20 to 42 days of age. The ND titres were also significantly lower (p < 0.05) in 100 ppb AF fed chicks, while no significant differences were seen in 50 ppb AF group compared to controls (p > 0.05). The addition of CLI to the AF-containing diets (50 and 100 ppb) significantly ameliorated (p < 0.05) the adverse effect of AF on humoral immunity. The single addition of CLI to the AF-free diet had no adverse effects in chicks, except the IB titres on 42nd day.
Investigation of engine performance and kit design for the usage of safflower oil as in diesel engine
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2019) Oğuz, H.; Öğüt, H.; Aydın, F.; Ciniviz, M.; Eryılmaz, T.
In Turkey, the consumption of diesel oil is increasing both in transportation and in agricultural fields. In this study, the opportunities of the use of safflower oil, which grow originally in Turkey as a direct fuel in diesel engines, were researched to provide a new alternative for biofuel industry and to popularize the farming of oil crops. In this study, the kit design was completed first, and afterwards safflower oil was exposed to the process of neutralization and laundering, and then turned into standard fuel. For engine performance experiments, reference experiences were conducted by using diesel fuel by using safflower as a fuel in the engine with kit for 500 h; comparisons were made with regards to power, moment, diesel consumption, and exhaust emission. As a result, it was seen that when safflower was used as a fuel, there was a decrease in motor performance and emission, however specific fuel consumption increased. When safflower was used, there was not any residual on the engine that was found. The designed kit, which can be easily produced with national technology, did not cause any malfunction or negativity in the engine and it was successfully used. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The investigation of the use of plant-based wild mustard and boron doped oil as engine lubrication oil in diesel engines
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2019) Öğüt, H.; Oğuz, H.; Aydın, F.; Ciniviz, M.; Deveci, H.
In internal combustion engines, mineral engine oils which serve as lubricants between parts are not used alone due to technical reasons and various additives are made use of for better lubrication. In these additives, liquid boron serves to reduce friction. To reduce the environmental damage caused by engine lubrication oils, it is necessary to improve the properties of biological oils so that they can be used and compete with mineral oils technically. In the study, the use of liquid boron as an engine lubrication oil additive, together with wild mustard oil methyl ester, was investigated. Two diesel engines with the same characteristics were used. In the first engine, experiments were carried out using mineral lubrication oil, then the experiments were repeated using mineral oil with additives, and the results were compared for both situations. The study was conducted mainly in the fields of element analysis of endoscopic examination and lubricating oil (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr). As a result, it was found out that the engine in which mineral lubricating oil with boron and wild mustard oil methyl ester additive was used did not pose any risks in terms of wear and engine oil life, compared to the engine without additive lubricating oil. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Layer Feed and Corn Samples in Konya Province, Turkey.
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) Nizamlıoğlu, H. Ferhan; Oğuz, H.
The natural occurrence ofaflatoxin was investigated in layer feed and corn samples brought to Konya Veterinary Control and Research Institute Laboratory between 15 April and 15 December 2002. Seventy-eight samples (52 feeds, 26 corn samples) were analysed for total aflatoxin (B1? B2 ? G1 ? G2) by an ELISA screening method. Aflatoxin contamination was determined in 37 feed samples (71.1%) and 15 corn samples (57.7%), with a range of1.5–133 g kg 1 . However, a majority ofthe aflatoxin contamination was less than 5 g kg 1 (50% within the positive samples). Two feed samples and two corn samples exceeded the maximum tolerated levels in feed (20 g kg 1 ) and feedstuffs (50 g kg 1 ) for total flatoxin.
The Preventive Effect of Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone on Aflatoxicosis in Broilers
(CARFAX PUBL CO, 1998) Kıran, M. M.; Demet, O.; Ortatath, M.; Oğuz, H.
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficiacy of a polyvinylpolypyrrolidone for protection against aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. For this purpose 132 day-old broiler chicks (Hybro) were used. They were divided into four groups, each of 33 chicks. Group 1: control; Group 2: 3 g of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) per kg of diet; Group 3: 2.5 mg of aflotoxin (AF) per kg of diet; Group 4: 2.5 mg of AF per kg of diet plus 3 g of PVPP per kg of diet. The chicks were maintained on these treatments for 21 days, and then 15 broilers from each treatment group were killed for pathological examination. Hepatic lesions in broilers of AF treatment group were characterized as diffuse and severe hydropic degeneration, bile duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis. In the AF plus PVPP group, the liver of eight broilers showed slight or moderate hydropic degeneration. Grossly, the bursa of Fabricius was atrophied and sections revealed necrosis and depletion of lymphocytes from follicles in 12 broilers of the AF group and two of the AF plus PVPP group. In the spleen of six chicks from the AF treatment group lymphoid areas were depleted. Thymuses from nine chicks fed the AF-alone diet showed atrophy and depletion of lymphocytes from the cortical and medullary areas. Similar changes were observed in the thymuses of four chicks from the AF plus PVPP group. The severity of atrophy in the lymphoid organs was more pronounced in the AF group than in the,AF plus PVPP treatment group. In this study it was found that both the number of affected broilers and the severity of lesions were significantly decreased in the AF plus PVPP treatment group compared with AF-alone treatment. These findings suggested that PVPP can diminish the toxicity of aflatoxin in broiler chicks.
Preventive Efficacy of Clinoptilolite in Broilers During Chronic Aflatoxin (50 and 100 Ppb) Exposure
(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2000) Oğuz, H.; Kurtoğlu, V.; Coşkun, B.
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficacy of clinoptilolite (CLI, a natural zeolite) in the prevention of toxic effects of aflatoxin (AF). A total of 576 1-day-old Ross broiler chicks were housed in six treatment groups [six replicates of 16 each; control, CLI (15 g kg(-1) diet), 50 parts per billion (ppb) AF, 50 ppb AF plus CLI, 100 ppb AF, 100 ppb AF plus CLI] for 42 days. Compared to controls, 100 ppb AF treatment significantly decreased body weight gains of chicks. The addition of CLI to the 100 ppb Accontaining diet moderately reduced the adverse effects of AF On performances of chicks. The chicks consuming 50 ppb AF-containing diet showed no significant differences on investigated parameters compared to controls. Also. the single addition of CLI to the AF-free diet had no adverse effects in birds. These results suggest that CLI can be beneficial in broilers for protection of AF toxicity at the level above.
The Utility of Dermatomal Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (Dseps) in Diagnosis and Prognosis of The Unilateral Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Due to Herniated Intervertebral Disc
(1995) Özerbil, O. M.; Demir, O.; Oğuz, H.; Genç, B. O.; Yel, M.
In this study, determination of the utility of DSEPs in patients with unilateral lumbosacral radiculopathy due to herniated intervertebral disc for diagnosing, planning the management and obtaining information about prognosis was purposed. Scalp-recorded somatosensory evoked potentials to electrical stimulation in L5 and S1 dermatomes in 31 patients and 26 normal subjects were examined. Abnormal DSEP recordings were obtained by comparing with normal values derived from studies of normal subjects. DSEP recordings were compared with the results of computed tomography and electromyographic studies of the same patients. All of the patients had conservative therapy, and physical examination and DSEP studies of 23 patients were reevaluated after three months and improvement of the clinical and DSEP findings were compared in each patient. DSEP sensitivity of 31 patients is 77.4 %. Absent responses were associated with acute lesions and with low back pain in extension. DSEP findings after three months perfectly reflected either clinical improvement or continuation of symptoms and clinical findings. It was concluded that, (1) there is no superiority of DSEP to the other studies in identifying unilateral lumbosacral radiculopathy due to herniated intervertebral disc, if technical and interpretational differences are removed, diagnostic utility of DSEPs will increase (2) DSEPs have a prognostic utility to follow the patients' courses.

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