Microbiological analysis of gut flora and determination of antibiotic resistance from white storks (Ciconia Ciconia) resting area during migration in Türkiye
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2024
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Amaç: Göçmen kuşlar, rezervuar konakçılar olarak kıtalar arasında viral, bakteriyel ve paraziter hastalıkları yayabilir. Beyaz leylek (Ciconia Ciconia) flora bakterilerinin tüm antibiyotiklere duyarlı olması beklenir. Bu çalışma, göç sırasındaki beyaz leyleklerin dışkı örneklerindeki patojenlerin belirlenmesini, bağırsak florasında baskın olan bakterilerin karakterizasyonunu ve antibiyotik dirençliliklerinin belirlenmesini amaçladı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Leylek dışkıları (n=101) Mart 2022'de göç yolu üzerinde bulunan Konya, Türkiye'de (37°52′22″N 32°29′32″E) toplandı. Numuneler, mezofilik bakteriler ve Gram-negatif bakteriler (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. Enterobacter spp. ve Campylobacter spp.) yönünden bakteriyolojik olarak incelendi. Klasik mikrobiyolojik yöntemler, Gram boyama ve biyokimyasal testler ile identifikasyon yapıldı. İzolatlar VITEK 2 ve polimeraz zincir reaksi yonu (PZR) ile doğrulandı.
Bulgular: Escherichia coli (n=101), Enterobacter cloacae (n=10), Hafnia alvei (n=3), Campylobacter jejuni (n=1) ve Salmonella Virginia (n=1) tanımlandı. E. coli izolatlarının 32'sinin (%31,68) çoklu ilaca dirençli (MDR), 2'sinin (%1,98) yoğun ilaca dirençli (XDR) olduğu ve E. coli izolatlarının 33'ünün (%32,67) fenotipik genişlemiş spektrumlu beta-laktamaz (ESBL) pozitif ol duğu ayrıca E. coli suşlarının 5’nin (%4,95) avian patojen E. coli (APEC) olduğu belirlendi. S. Virginia izolatının yalnızca ampisilin ve amoksisilin/klavulanata dirençli olduğu belirlendi.
Öneri: Çalışma sonuçlarına göre leyleklerin flora bakterilerinde antibiyotik direncinin boyutunun ciddi olduğu tespit edildi. Bu kuşlar, göç yolundaki kümes hayvanlarını ve süt çiftliklerini kontamine edebilecek patojenleri dışkılarıyla saçabilir. Bu durum insanların bilinçsiz ilaç kullanımının vahşi hayvanlar üzerinde yarattığı kirliliğin göstergesidir.
Aim: As reservoir hosts, migratory birds can spread viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases between continents. White storks' (Ciconia Ciconia) flora bacteria are expected to be sensitive to antibiotics. This study aimed to determine which pathogens were found in the fecal samples of storks, characterize the bacteria that are dominant in the gut flora, and determine antibiotic resistance during migration. Materials and Methods: Stork’s feces (n=101) were collected in March 2022, Konya, Turkiye (37°52′22″N 32°29′32″E) which is on the migration route. Samples were cultured bacteriologically for the identify mesophilic bacteria Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Campylobacter spp.). Classical microbiological methods, Gram staining, and biochemical tests were performed. Isolates were confirmed by VITEK 2 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Escherichia coli (n=101), Enterobacter cloacae (n=10), Hafnia alvei (n=3), Campylobacter jejuni (n=1) and Salmonella Virginia (n=1) were identified. Some E. coli isolates 32 (31.68%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 2 (1.98%) isolates were extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and 33 (32.67%) isolates were determined to be phenotypically Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) positive also some E. coli strains 5 (4.95%) were identified as avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). S. Virginia isolate was found to be resistant only to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, antibiotic resistance in gut flora of white storks is a severe condition. These birds shed pathogens in their feces that can contaminate poultry and dairy farms in the migration route. This situation indicates the pollution caused by people's unconscious drug use effect on wild animals.
Aim: As reservoir hosts, migratory birds can spread viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases between continents. White storks' (Ciconia Ciconia) flora bacteria are expected to be sensitive to antibiotics. This study aimed to determine which pathogens were found in the fecal samples of storks, characterize the bacteria that are dominant in the gut flora, and determine antibiotic resistance during migration. Materials and Methods: Stork’s feces (n=101) were collected in March 2022, Konya, Turkiye (37°52′22″N 32°29′32″E) which is on the migration route. Samples were cultured bacteriologically for the identify mesophilic bacteria Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Campylobacter spp.). Classical microbiological methods, Gram staining, and biochemical tests were performed. Isolates were confirmed by VITEK 2 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Escherichia coli (n=101), Enterobacter cloacae (n=10), Hafnia alvei (n=3), Campylobacter jejuni (n=1) and Salmonella Virginia (n=1) were identified. Some E. coli isolates 32 (31.68%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 2 (1.98%) isolates were extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and 33 (32.67%) isolates were determined to be phenotypically Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) positive also some E. coli strains 5 (4.95%) were identified as avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). S. Virginia isolate was found to be resistant only to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, antibiotic resistance in gut flora of white storks is a severe condition. These birds shed pathogens in their feces that can contaminate poultry and dairy farms in the migration route. This situation indicates the pollution caused by people's unconscious drug use effect on wild animals.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antibiyotik Direnci, Beyaz Leylek, Ciconia Ciconia, Vahşi Göçmen Kuşlar, Antimicrobial Resistance, Migration Wild Birds, White Storks
Kaynak
Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
40
Sayı
3
Künye
Uslu A, Toslak EE, Denizli O, Balevi A et al 2024. Microbiological Analysis of Gut Flora and Determination of AntibioticResistance from White Storks (Ciconia Ciconia) Resting Area during Migration in Türkiye. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 40, 3, 107-114. 10.15312/EurasianJVetSci.2024.434
