Mineralogy and geochemical behavior of trace elements of hydrothermal alteration types in the volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, NE Turkey

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dc.contributor.authorKarakaya, Muazzez Çelik
dc.contributor.authorKarakaya, Necati
dc.contributor.authorKüpeli, Şuayip
dc.contributor.authorYavuz, Fuat
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-26T18:30:52Z
dc.date.available2020-03-26T18:30:52Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.departmentSelçuk Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractVolcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits of the Eastern Pontides, Turkey, are hosted by the Maastrichtian-Eocene dacite and rhyodacite series, accompanied by lesser andesite and basalts, as well as their pyroclastic equivalents, with tholeiitic to calc-alkaline affinity. The ore mineral assemblages are chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, and tetrahedrite. Potassic-, phyllitic- (sericitic), argillic- (kaolinitic and smectitic), silicic-, propylitic- and hematitic-alteration is commonly associated with these deposits. HFSE, LILE, TRTE and REE contents show strong variability in different alteration types resulting from interaction with acid or alkaline fluids. Sample groups showed chondrite-normalized enrichment of LREE relative to HREE and sub-parallel trends, except for the hematitic- and phyllitic-alteration types. MREE are strongly depleted in the zones of most intense silicification and kaolinization. Most sample groups have strongly- to slightly-negative Eu anomalies, ranging from 0.35 to 0.88 (mean); hematitic- (1.45) and propylitic-altered rocks (1.11) have slightly- to moderately-positive anomalies. The negative Eu anomalies indicate the low temperatures of fluids (<200 degrees C). In contrast, the positive Eu anomalies result from high-temperature hydrothermal conditions (>200 degrees C). No Ce anomaly was observed, except for phyllitic alteration where a slight positive anomaly was noted. The chondrite-normalized trace and REE patterns of the altered rocks are similar to each other, suggesting that they were derived from a common felsic source. The alteration groups formed from acid, intermediate, and alkaline hydrothermal solutions. Some transition, base and precious metals and volatile elements were clearly enriched, especially in the hematitic-, silicic-, kaolinitic- and phyllitic-altered samples. The other elements exhibit different behaviors in different sample groups. REE behavior is relatively immobile in the silicic-, hematitic-, kaolinitic- and partially in moderately- and propylitic-altered rocks, based on mass-balance calculations. LILE and HFSE appear mobile in the altered sample groups, except in the propylitic-altered rocks. TRTE behave as relatively immobile in most of samples, except in some of the silicic- and phyllitic-altered rocks, and especially in the hematitic-altered samples. HFSE, most of the transition (W, Mo, Cu, and Sb) and some other trace elements (Pb, As, Hg, Bi, Se and TI), are enriched in the hematitic-altered samples and in the some silicic-altered samples. The highest As, Bi, Mo, Se and Hg concentrations in the hematite-altered samples can be used to distinguish other alteration types and may be a useful indicator in a prospect-scale base metal exploration. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipTUBITAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [YDABCAG-139, 103Y016]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis investigation was made possible through the partial financial support of TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey with project no. YDABCAG-139 and 103Y016). The authors are indebted to the two anonymous reviewers for their comments. Finally we thank Nigel J. Cook for his careful editorial input and constructive suggestions which improved the quality of the manuscript.en_US
dc.identifier.citationKarakaya, M. Ç., Karakaya, N., Küpeli, Ş., Yavuz, F., (2012). Mineralogy and geochemical behavior of trace elements of hydrothermal alteration types in the volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, NE Turkey. Ore Geology Reviews, 48, 197-224. Doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.03.007
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.03.007en_US
dc.identifier.endpage224en_US
dc.identifier.issn0169-1368en_US
dc.identifier.issn1872-7360en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage197en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.03.007
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12395/28231
dc.identifier.volume48en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000310401600011en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.institutionauthorKarakaya, Muazzez Çelik
dc.institutionauthorKarakaya, Necati
dc.institutionauthorKüpeli, Şuayip
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Science Bven_US
dc.relation.ispartofOre Geology Reviewsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğeren_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.selcuk20240510_oaigen_US
dc.subjectEastern Pontidesen_US
dc.subjectHydrothermal alteration geochemistryen_US
dc.subjectMassive sulfide depositsen_US
dc.subjectTrace elementsen_US
dc.subjectTurkeyen_US
dc.titleMineralogy and geochemical behavior of trace elements of hydrothermal alteration types in the volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, NE Turkeyen_US
dc.typeReviewen_US

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