Culture-Negative Bilateral Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Presented as Acute Renal Failure and Managed Medically Only

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a life-threatening infection especially seen in patients with poorly-controlled diabetes mellitus. Imaging modalities (preferably computed tomography) are required to establish the diagnosis. Treatment modalities include volume resuscitation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, percutaneous drainage, and, as a last resort, nephrectomy. We present a case of a 46-year-old female who had hypertension and type-2 diabetes mellitus and presented with complaints of dysuria, back pain, and decreased urine output. Renal ultrasound and abdominal computerized tomography (CT) revealed air-fluid levels at each perirenal region and collecting systems, consistent with emphysematous pyelonephritis. Her clinical situation improved with vigorous fluid resuscitation and broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.