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Öğe Grafen Kaplı Kimyasal Sensörlerin Şişme Davranışları ve Matematiksel Modelleme(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Çeli̇k, Sibel; Büyükkabasakal, Kemal; Deni̇z, Ali; Açıkbaş, Yaser; Çapan, Rifat; Erdoğan, MatemBu çalışmada, grafen kaplı Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) ince filmlerin şişme davranışları Kuartz Kristal Mikrobalans (KKM) tekniği kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu filmler, bazı organik buharların (aseton, etanol ve metanol) difüzyon katsayı değerlerinin hesaplanması (Fick’in erken-zaman difüzyon kanunu kullanılarak) için oda sıcaklığında etkileşmeye bırakılmıştır. Difüzyon katsayı değerleri sırası ile aseton, etanol ve metanol için 20.43 x 10?16, 1.30 x 10?16 ve 0.91 x 10?16 cm2 s ?1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Benzer sıralama grafen kaplı KKM sensörünün tepkisi (frekans değişimi, ?f) için de aseton (342 Hz) > etanol (76 Hz) > metanol (51 Hz) olarak elde edilmiştir.Öğe An Application of Pulse Shape Discrimination Method to Obtain Pure Photopeak(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Ermi̇ş, Elif Ebru; Çeli̇ktaş, CüneytA pulse shape discrimination setup was developed and the pulse shape discrimination method was applied to ?-rays emitted from 137Cs radioisotope to test its discrimination performance. The setup was used to discriminate the photopeak radiations from the non-photopeak ones arising from scattering, backscattering, background, low-energy X-rays and electronic noise etc. To perform this, pulse shape discrimination method which is a kind of timing process was used. The discrimination was performed in the region very close to the photopeak of the radioisotope. The developed setup showed its success in the discrimination of non-photopeak signals from the original photopeak ones.Öğe Sayma Verisi Modelleri Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma: E- Ticarette Yaşanan Sorunlar Türkiye Örneği(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Kılıç, Duygu; Bayrak, HülyaBu çalışmada Türkiye için e-ticarette yaşanan sorun sayısına etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda sayma veri modellerinden yararlanılmıştır. Uygulamada 2019 TÜİK hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri kullanım anketinde yer alan sorun sayısı verilerine Poisson (P), negatif binom (NB), sıfır yığılmalı Poisson (ZIP), sıfır yığılmalı negatif binom (ZINB), Poisson Hurdle (PH) ve negatif binom Hurdle (NBH) regresyon modelleri uygulanmıştır. Bu modellerden hangi modelin veri setini daha iyi temsil ettiği Akaike Bilgi Kriteri, log olabilirlik, Vuong, Rootogram uyum iyiliği testleri kullanılarak karar verilmiştir. Analiz sonucuna göre ZINB modelinin tercih edilmesi gerektiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca ZINB modeline ait parametreler incelenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.Öğe Sündiken Dağları'nın (Ankara, Bilecik, Eskişehir) Oedemeridleri (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae) ve Habitat Tercihleri(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Can, Şirin Bahar; Hasbenli̇, AbdullahBu çalışmada, Palearktik bölgenin Akdeniz alt bölgesinde yer alan Sündiken Dağları’ndaki oedemerid faunası ve türlerin EUNIS habitat tercihleri değerlendirilmiştir. Oedemeridler birçok çiçekli bitkinin tozlaşmasında önemli rol oynamasına rağmen, ülkemizdeki yapılan çalışmaları yeterli değildir. Ayrıca, çok çeşitli iklim tiplerine sahip olan Sündiken Dağları’nda oedemeridler ile ilgili bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, 3 yıllık saha çalışması dâhil olmak üzere yaklaşık 4 yıl sürmüştür (2011-2014). Çalışma alanında çeşitli toplama yöntemleri kullanılarak 464 erkek ve 255 dişi olmak üzere toplam 719 oedemerid örneği toplanmıştır. Toplanan örneklerin incelenmesi sonucunda 6 cinse ait 16 takson tespit edilmiştir. Oedemeridlerin, Sündiken Dağları için belirlenen toplam 19 EUNIS habitat tipinden 11’ini tercih ettiği tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Üropatojenik Escherichia coli Suşlarının Antibiyotik Direnç Profilleri ve Genişlemiş Spektrumlu Beta Laktamaz (GSBL) Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020)Bu çalışmada; idrar yolu enfeksiyonlarından izole ve identifiye edilen 135 Escherichia coli suşu; yirmi farklı antibiyotiğe duyarlılıkları ve genişlemiş spektrumlu beta laktamaz enzimi (GSBL) üretimleri açısından değerlendirildi. Antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi için, disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanıldı. Suşların % 65.1’nin en az bir veya daha fazla antibiyotiğe dirençli olduğu ve suşlar arasında 69 farklı direnç profili olduğu belirlendi. Suşlar arasındaki en yüksek direnç oranı % 50.4 ile ampisiline karşı olduğu, bunu % 40.7 tetrasiklin, % 40 nalidiksik asid, % 31.1 ofloksasin ve moksifloksasin, % 28.9 ile amoksisilin/klavulanik asit ve siprofloksasin’in takip ettiği görüldü. Suşlar meropeneme karşı % 100 duyarlı olarak gözlemlendi, bunu % 1.48 oranı ile imipenem ve % 2.2 oranı ile amikasinin takip ettiği görüldü. GSBL üretiminin belirlenmesi için çift disk sinerji yöntemi kullanıldı. Fenotipik olarak GSBL pozitif suş sayısı 16 (% 11.8) olarak tespit edildi. GSBL pozitif suşların genotipik olarak GSBL genlerinin tespiti amacı ile multipleks PZR yöntemi kullanıldı. Bu yöntem ile blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA beta laktamaz genleri araştırıldı. GSBL pozitif suşlarda en yaygın genin % 93.7 oranı ile blaTEM geni olduğu ortaya koyuldu. Üropatojenik Escherichia coli enfeksiyonları dünya çapında ciddi bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Hem sentetik hem de doğal antibiyotiklere karşı artan dirençli suşlar, yeni ve daha ciddi hastalıkların ortaya çıkmasıyla enfeksiyonun tekrarlamasına ve kronikleşmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu sebeple üropatojenik E. coli suşlarının antibiyotik direnç özellikleri ile ilgili sürveyans çalışmaları yapılmalı ve yeni terapötik çözümlerin geliştirilmesine olanak sağlanmalıdırÖğe İnsektisitlerin Doğadaki Döngüsü ve Sucul Çevreye Etkileri(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Kayhan, Figen EsinPestisitlerin neden olduğu çevre kirliliği, dünyadaki en önemli sorunlardan biridir. Pestisitlerin ekosistem seviyesi üzerindeki etkileri doğrudan ve dolaylı etkilerin ve geri bildirim mekanizmalarının bir kombinasyonudur. Bu derlemede temel sorunlar ve gelecek perspektifleri irdelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, ekosistemdeki potansiyel toksisitenin öngörülmesinde sucul organizmalarda pestisit biyoakümülasyon mekanizmasının anlaşılması hala kritik öneme sahiptir.Öğe Halojen Isıtıcılı Kurutucuda Kurutma Sıcaklığının Beyaz Şapkalı Mantarının (Agaricus bisporus) Kuruma Süresi ve Rehidrasyon Oranına Etkisi(Selçuk Üniversitesi, Mantarcılık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü, 2019) Kırmızıkaya, Elif Sena; Çınar, İnciÇalışmada halojen ısıtıcılı kurutmada kurutma sıcaklıklarının kültür mantarının (Agaricus bisporus) kurutulmasında kuruma süresi ve rehidrasyon oranına etkileri araştırılmıştır. 1 cm kalınlıkta kesit alınan örnekler halojen ısıtıcılı kurutucuda 40, 50 ve 60°C’de kurutulmuştur. Kuruma eğrileri ilk saatte 10’ar dk devamında 30 dk periyotlarda örnek ağırlıkları kaydedilerek oluşturulmuştur. Rehidrasyon oranı kurutulmuş örneklerin 10, 20, 30, 60 ve 1440 dakikalık rehidrasyon sonucu %ağırlık artışıyla ifade edilmiştir. Mantar örneklerinin 40, 50 ve 60°C’de kurutulmalarında son nem içeriğine (%6.58) ulaşma süreleri sırasıyla 480, 240 ve 150 dk iken rehidrasyon oranları %92.02, 90.53 ve 90.40 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmada kurutma sıcaklığının artmasının kuruma süresini kısalttığı ancak rehidrasyon oranında azalmaya sebep olduğu görülmüştür. İki yönlü varyans analizlerinde ise sıcaklık artışının kuruma süresi üzerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli (p<0.05) iken rehidrasyon oranına etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur (p>0.05).Öğe Nemlendirme Sıvısı Olarak Kullanılan Alternatif Endüstriyel Atıkların Bazı Makrofungusların Misel Gelişimi Ve Ligninolitik Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi(Selçuk Üniversitesi, Mantarcılık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü, 2019) Korkmaz, Bahar Gülce; Ceylan, Göksu; Sarı, İbrahim; Acar, Burak Nuri; Yamaç, MustafaBu çalışmada endüstriyel üretim süreçlerinden açığa çıkan farklı nitelikteki sıvı atıkların makrofungus üretiminde nemlendirme sıvısı olarak kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla kullanılan nemlendirme sıvılarının beş farklı makrofungus türünün misel gelişimi ve ligninolitik enzim aktivitesi üzerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan Pleurotus cornucopiae, Flammulina velutipes, Panus neostrigosus, Schizophyllum commune ve Ganoderma lucidum kültürleri; Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Biyoloji Bölümü Makrofungus Kültür Koleksiyonundan (OBCC) temin edilmiştir. En iyi misel gelişim ve enzim üretim koşullarının belirlenmesi amacıyla 4 farklı kompost materyali (meşe, kavak, pirinç, buğday) ikişerli kombinasyonlarla 10 gram olacak şekilde karıştırılarak, tek ve karışım halinde kullanılan 9 farklı nemlendirme sıvısıyla %70 oranında nemlendirilmiştir. Pozitif kontrol olarak distile su kullanılmıştır. Her kompost örneğinin pH değeri %1 alçı ve kireç ilavesi ile düzenlenmiştir. Saf fungal kültürlerden çıkarılan 6 mm’lik misel diskleri nemli kompost karışımları içeren petrilerin merkezine yerleştirilerek 28 °C’de inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. Araştırılan tüm fungus izolatlarının çalışma kapsamında sorgulanan tüm ligninolitik enzimleri farklı seviyelerde ürettiği belirlenmiştir. En yüksek mangan peroksidaz (MnP) aktivitesi Pleurotus cornucopiae’de 103,64 u/L, en yüksek lakkaz ve mangan bağımsız peroksidaz (MnBP) aktivitesi Ganoderma lucidum’ da sırasıyla 118,52 ve 66,86 u/L olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek günlük koloni büyüme hızı ve misel gelişimi gösteren izolat Schizophyllum commune olarak belirlenmiştir.Öğe Yield and Fruit Body Properties of Pleurotus eryngii Isolates Grown on Poplar Sawdust Supplemented with Different Additive Materials(Selçuk Üniversitesi, Mantarcılık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü, 2019) Atila, FundaThe aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using sunflower meal (SFM), grape pomace (GP) and green walnut husk (GWH) as new additive materials for substrate preparation in cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) isolates collected from different regions of Turkey. In addition, effect of these agro-wastes on fruit body size of P. eryngii isolates was also determined in the study. Poplar sawdust (S) was used as a base medium and additive materials were added to sawdust in a ratio of 8:2 to prepare the substrates. It has been noticed that different additive materials affects on spawn run time (day), time of first harvest (day), total yield (g/kg), biological efficiency (BE), average of mushroom weight (g), mushroom pileus diameter (mm) and stipe width (mm), stipe length (mm) of P. eryngii isolates. Yield parameters and fruit body size were greatly affected by the substrates and isolates. S:SFM showed higher yield, biological efficiency and mushroom weight average than other substrates in K-16 and M-18 isolates, whereas these parameters were height in K-20 isolate grown on S:GP. The results revealed that all the three P. eryngii isolates can grow on poplar substrate with the supplement of any kind of the tested agricultural by-products. Although, an increase in spawn running time and cultivation period length of P. eryngii isolates was observed for S:GWH compared with the other substrates, utilization of green walnut husks for Pleurotus eryngii cultivation is promising and has potential commercial application in the mushroom industry.Öğe The relationship between serum clozapine concentrations and hematological parameters by a validated mass spectrometric method(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Kamil Gharab, Karam Mazin; Onmaz, Duygu Eryavuz; Abuşoğlu, Sedat; Aydın, Memduha; Sivrikaya, Abdullah; Tok, Oğuzhan; Abuşoğlu, Gülsüm; Ünlü, AliObjective: Clozapine is one of the most effective drugs for resistant schizophrenia, but its severe metabolic and hematological side effects limit the use of clozapine. It has been reported that clozapine blood concentrations should be maintained between 350?600 ng/mL. Our aim was to develop a determination method for clozapine and its main metabolites norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide, to perform validation studies and to investigate the change of various biochemical parameters in patients using clozapine. Methods: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for clozapine measurement. Thus, blood samples were collected from 38 patients with schizophrenia and 32 healthy volunteers. Biochemical and hematological parameters were measured by Beckman-Coulter AU 5800 (Beckman Coulter, Brea, USA) and Beckman Coulter LH 780 analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL, USA), respectively. Hormone levels were analyzed using Cobas 6000 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Germany). Results: The LC[sbnd]MS/MS method was linear between 1.22?2500 ng/mL (r2 = 0.9971) for clozapine. The retention times of clozapine, norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide were 0.92, 0.89 and 0.95, respectively. Blood glucose (GLU) (p = 0.025), low density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol) (p = 0.015), triglyseride (TG) (p = 0.042) and total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.024) levels were higher; hemoglobin (HGB) (0.015), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (0.036), red blood cell count (RBC) (0.020), neutrophil (NEU) (0.034), and platelet (PLT) (P = 0.005) levels were lower in the clozapine group. Conclusions: This LC–MS/MS method was rapid, simple, cost-effective and suitable for the routine clozapine monitoring. Furthermore, norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide were also determined. Monitoring of metabolic and hematological parameters with clozapine levels is very important. However, the limitations of the study were that the method was not validated for norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide, so the validation parameters were not evaluated for these two metabolites. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.Öğe The effects of local and intraperitoneal zinc treatments on maxillofacial fracture healing in rabbits(Churchill Livingstone, 2020) Azgın, İsa; Arbağ, Hamdi; Eryılmaz, Mehmet Akif; Çelik, Zeliha EsinThis study aimed to determine whether administration of topical and intraperitoneal zinc formaxillofacial fractures has any impact on the bone healing process.Material and method:Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups of eighteach. Thefirst group was the control group; fracture lines werefixed using titanium microplates and nomedication was administered. The second group receivedfixations using zinc-coated titanium micro-plates. A single dose of 3 mg/kg zinc was administered intraperitoneally to the third group followingfixations with titanium microplates. A single dose of 3 mg/kg zinc was administered intraperitoneally tothe fourth group followingfixations with zinc-coated titanium microplates. Zinc coating on to the ti-tanium microplates was achieved using the physical vapor deposition technique. A fracture line wascreated in the nasal bones of all subjects andfixed withfive-holeflat microplates and three 5-mm microscrews. All work groups were sacrificed at the end of the sixth week.Results:Histological examination showed that the number of osteoblasts were significantly higher inzinc-coated group (Group 2) than zinc uncoated, control group (Group 1), (415.6±46.7 vs 366.3±11.8)(p<0.001). It was observed that intraperitoneal zinc treatment alone (Group 3) did not significantlyincrease in the osteoblast count compared to zinc un-coated group (Group 1), (390.6±83.2 vs366.3±11.8), (p¼0.341). The immunoreactivity scores for IGF-1 were significantly higher in the zinc-coated group compared to control group (Group 2 vs 1), (9.3±2.8 vs 3.7±1.9) (p<0.05). It wasobserved that intraperitoneal zinc treatment did not cause a significant difference in the aspect of IGF-1for zinc-coated groups (Group 2 vs 4) (9.3±2.8 vs 9.6±2.2) (p¼0.791). The difference in the immu-noreactivity score among whole groups for TGF-bwas not statistically significant (Group 1 vs 2, 3.2±1.7vs 4.4±2.3, p¼0.256; Group 1 vs 3, 3.2±1.7 vs 3.8±2.8, p¼0.524; Group 1 vs 4, 3.2±1.7 vs 2.8±1.3,p¼0.717; Group 2 vs 3, 4.4±2.3, vs 3.8±2.8, p¼0.610; Group 2 vs 4, 4.4±2.3, vs 2.8±1.3, p¼0.124;Group 3 vs 4, 3.8±2.8, vs 2.8±1.3, p¼0.311).Conclusion:The local use of titanium microplates coated with zinc by PVD technique was found effectivefor fracture healing. Zinc coating of titanium microplates used in fracture treatment can acceleratefracture healing. It may be concluded that clinical studies should be performed now in order to explore ifcomparable results can be achieved in humans.Öğe Shear wave elastography evaluation of testes in patients with varicocele(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2020) Erdoğan, Hasan; Durmaz, Mehmet Sedat; Arslan, Serdar; Gokgoz Durmaz, Funda; Cebeci, Hakan; Ergun, Osman; Soğukpınar Karaağaç, SedaWe aimed to determine histological damage in patients with varicocele by comparing the elasticity of their affected testes with that of their normal contralateral testes as well as normal testes of control subjects without varicocele using shear wave elastography (SWE). In total, 48 patients with varicocele (96 testes) and 52 control subjects (104 testes) were included in this study. Shear wave elastography values were measured in the longitudinal plane using an oval region of interest that covered as much of the testicular contours as possible. Fifty testes with varicocele were classified as group A, 46 normal contralateral testes of the same patients as group B, and 104 normal testes of control subjects as group C. The normal group C testes were randomly chosen from patients who had applied for ultrasonography for any reason and agreed to participate in the study. The testicular volume and SWE values were compared between these 3 groups. The average age of the patients was 28.45 years, and no significant difference in age was found between the 3 groups (P = 0.665). A significant difference in the testicular volume was found between groups A and C (P = 0.014). The SWE values were significantly higher in group A than in groups B and C (P < 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between the testicular volume and SWE values in any of the groups. Our results showed that SWE can be used as an effective technique to assess testicular stiffness in patients with varicocele to predict interstitial fibrosis and the severity of histological damage.Öğe Postconditioning ozone alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury and enhances flap endurance in rats(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2020) Elsürer, Çağdaş; Önal, Merih; Selimoğlu, Nebil; Erdur, Ömer; Yılmaz, Mustafa; Erdoğan, Ender; Kal, Öznur; Çelik, Jale Bengi; Önal, ÖzkanMuscle-flap transferring is a routine approach utilized in reconstructive operations; however, flap morbidity is often a source of post-operative difficulty. Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (IRI) is an important contributor to the viability of flaps after transferring. The goal of this research was for assess the probable useful impacts of ozone on flap survival in a rat muscle-flap design. Materials and Methods: We examined the effects of postconditioning ozone administration on viability of pedicled composite flaps. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: sham-operated (S), ischemia-reperfusion (IR), sham-operated + ozone (O), IR + ozone (IR + O), respectively. The animals were sacrificed on the eighth day. In a general histological evaluation, flap tissues were examined with a light microscope, and apoptotic cells were counted. The Apoptotic Index (AI) was then calculated. Flap-tissue samples were sent for analyses of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and protein carbonyl (PCO), and blood samples were sent for analyses of Total Oxidant Score (TOS), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC). Data were evaluated statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The histomorphometric score was remarkably greater in O (p =.002). The AI was greater in IR (p =.002). The antioxidant parameters values as regards SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and TAC were found to be greater in O (p <.005). The oxidant parameters values as regards MDA, PCO, TOS were found to be greater in IR (p <.005). Discussion: The current research indicates that ozone application can attenuate the muscle-flap injury brought about by IR through triggering the increase of the antioxidant capacity.Öğe Management of Systemic Hypersensitivity Reactions to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues during Treatment of Central Precocious Puberty(S. Karger AG, 2020) Kirkgoz T.; Karakoc-Aydiner E.; Bugrul F.; Yavas Abali Z.; Helvacioglu D.; Kiykim A.; Bilgic Eltan S.Background: Besides local reactions, systemic hypersensitivity reactions such as urticaria, anaphylaxis, serum sickness and Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) have been reported during gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue treatment. Aim: To present the clinical presentation of 9 cases with systemic hypersensitivity reactions to GnRH analogues and discuss the management of such reactions based on our experience. Patients and Methods: Nine of 232 (3.8%) patients with central precocious puberty receiving GnRH analogue treatment had systemic hypersensitivity reactions in 4 years' period. Six patients had a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction (generalized hives, pruritus, and/or edema) to triptorelin acetate (TA), 2 patients to leuprolide acetate (LA), and 1 patient to both medications who also developed anaphylaxis to LA during intradermal test (IDT). Another patient on TA had skin lesions suggestive of HSP. GnRH analogue treatment was discontinued in 2 patients after discussion with the parents. Treatment was changed to another GnRH analogue preparation in 6 patients and was maintained with the same medication with antihistamines and corticosteroid premedication in 1 patient. None of the patients developed new reactions after these precautions. Conclusion: Systemic hypersensitivity reactions should be carefully evaluated and cross-reaction to the other GnRH analogues should be kept in mind. Discontinuation of GnRH analogue is always an option. However, if continuation of GnRH analogue is elected, we recommend switching to an alternative GnRH analogue, which should be considered only after a skin prick test (SPT) and IDT. In the lack of the possibility to perform SPT and IDT, injections may be administered under strict medical supervision in a well-equipped facility to manage anaphylaxis. We discuss additional options in situations where alternative GnRH analogues are unavailable, which enabled us to continue treatment in most cases without further problems. © 2020 © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.Öğe Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) alleviate cobalt toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by modulating photosynthesis, chloroplastic redox and antioxidant capacity(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Özfidan Konakçı, Ceyda; Yıldıztugay, Evren; Elbasan, Fevzi; Küçükoduk, Mustafa; Türkan, İsmailThe role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)/nitric oxide (NO) in mitigating stress-induced damages has gained interest in the past few years. However, the protective mechanism H2S and/or NO has towards the chloroplast system through the regulation of redox status and activation of antioxidant capacity in cobalt-treated wheat remain largely unanswered. Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ekiz was treated with alone/in combination of a H2S donor (sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS,600?M)), a NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP,100?M)) and a NO scavenger (rutin hydrate (RTN,50?M)) to assess how the donors affect growth, water relations, redox and antioxidant capacity in chloroplasts, under cobalt (Co) concentrations of 150-300 ?M. Stress decreased a number of parameters (growth, water content (RWC), osmotic potential (??), carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentrations, transpiration rate and the transcript levels of rubisco, which subsequently disrupt the photosynthetic capacity). However, SNP/NaHS counteracted the negative effects of stress on these aforementioned parameters and RTN application with stress/non-stress was reversed these effects. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and TBARS were induced under stress in spite of activated ascorbate peroxidase (APX). SNP/NaHS under stress increased activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), APX, glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), ascorbate (tAsA) and glutathione (GSH). In conclusion, NaHS/SNP are involved in the regulation and modification of growth, water content, rubisco activity and up-regulation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH) in chloroplast under stress. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.Öğe Immune responses in women with periodontitis and preterm low birth weight: Levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in gingival granulation tissue(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Kayar, Nezahat Arzu; Çelik, İlhami; Alptekin, Nilgün ÖzlemPreterm Low-Birth-Weight (PLBW) is frequently associated with periodontal disease. However, the mechanism is still unknown. The present study was performed to examine the possible link between periodontal infections and PLBW in post-partum women utilizing clinical parameters and CD4+ and CD8 + T lymphocytes ratio in gingival granulation tissue. Materials: The tissues used in this study consisted of 35 gingival granulation tissue biopsies from 35 mothers of healthy infants (HTBW), 35 biopsies of gingival granulation tissue from 35 mothers of PLBW within one month postpartum and gingival tissue biopsies from 7 control individual with no periodontal disease (HC). CD4+ and CD8 + T lymphocyte ratios in a unit area of the gingival granulation tissue were determined by hystometrically. Statistical analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: CD8 + T lymphocytes were more prevalent in the PLBW group than in the HTBW and HC group (P < 0.05). The CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the PLBW group was lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in CD4 + T lymphocytes counts between all groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study it can be concluded that CD8 + T lymphocytes in gingival tissue may play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and PLBW.Öğe Discovery of kynurenines containing oligopeptides as potent opioid receptor agonists(MDPI AG, 2020) Szucs, Edina; Stefanucci, Azzurra; Dimmito, Marilisa Pia; Zádor, Ferenc; Pieretti, Stefano; Zengin, Gökhan; Vécsei, LászlóKynurenine (kyn) and kynurenic acid (kyna) are well-defined metabolites of tryptophan catabolism collectively known as “kynurenines”, which exert regulatory functions in host-microbiome signaling, immune cell response, and neuronal excitability. Kynurenine containing peptides endowed with opioid receptor activity have been isolated from natural organisms; thus, in this work, novel opioid peptide analogs incorporating L-kynurenine (L-kyn) and kynurenic acid (kyna) in place of native amino acids have been designed and synthesized with the aim to investigate the biological effect of these modifications. The kyna-containing peptide (KA1) binds selectively the ?-opioid receptor with a Ki = 1.08 ± 0.26 (selectivity ratio ?/?/? = 1:514:10000), while the L-kyn-containing peptide (K6) shows a mixed binding affinity for ?, ?, and ?-opioid receptors, with efficacy and potency (Emax = 209.7 + 3.4%; LogEC50 = ?5.984 + 0.054) higher than those of the reference compound DAMGO. This novel oligopeptide exhibits a strong antinociceptive effect after i.c.v. and s.c. administrations in in vivo tests, according to good stability in human plasma (t1/2 = 47 min). © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Öğe Alpha lipoic acid and vitamin E improve atorvastatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in rats(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Eser Faki, Hatice; Traş, Bünyamin; Üney, KamilTo determine the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and vitamin E (Vit E) on mitochondrial dysfunction caused by statins. A total of 38 Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. The control group received dimethyl sulfoxide. The atorvastatin (A) group received atorvastatin (10 mg/kg). The A + ALA group received atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) and ALA (100 mg/kg). The A + Vit E group was administered atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) and Vit E (100 mg/kg). The A + ALA + Vit E group was administered atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), ALA (100 mg/kg) and Vit E (100 mg/kg). All applications were administered simultaneously by gavage for 20 days. ATP level and complex I activity were measured from liver, muscle, heart, kidney and brain. Atorvastatin significantly decreased the ATP levels in heart and kidney, while a slight decrease was seen in liver, muscle and brain. Atorvastatin caused an insignificant decrease in the complex I activity in all tissues examined. ALA administration significantly improved the ATP levels in the liver, heart and kidney, while Vit E improved the ATP levels in all tissues except the muscle compared to Atorvastatin group. Single administration of both ALA and vit E ameliorated complex I activity in the muscle, heart, kidney and brain. The combination of ALA and Vit E significantly improved the ATP levels in the liver, heart, kidney and brain and also provided significant improvements the complex I activity in all tissues. The undesirable effects of Atorvastatin on mitochondrial functions in this study ameliorated by using ALA and/or Vit E alone and in combination.Öğe Tricuspid valve infective endocarditis associated with aseptic meningitis: A rare presentation in a child [Endocarditis infecciosa de la válvula tricúspide asociada con meningitis aséptica: Presentación infrecuente en una niña](Sociedad Argentina de Pediatria, 2020) Alkan, Gülsüm; Emiroğlu, Melike; Sert, Ahmet; Kartal, Ayşe; Öc, MehmetLa endocarditis infecciosa es infrecuente pero potencialmente mortal. Las presentaciones atípicas retrasan el diagnóstico. El compromiso neurológico es habitual en la endocarditis de la válvula mitral, aunque infrecuente en la endocarditis de la válvula tricúspide. Si bien se han informado algunos casos e el del lado derecho con síntomas neurológicos en adultos, en la bibliografía no se ha descripto en niños. Se presenta una niña de 9 años con comunicación interventricular (CIV) congénita con fiebre, cefalea y rigidez de nuca. Sus síntomas clínicos y los hallazgos en el líquido cefalorraquídeo respaldaron el diagnóstico de meningitis aséptica. El día 3 del tratamiento con ceftriaxona, se resolvieron los síntomas; tras nueve días, reingresó con fiebre y rigidez de nuca. Un ecocardiograma mostró endocarditis de la válvula tricúspide. Recibió tratamiento antibiótico durante 6 semanas. Se realizó una cirugía cardíaca para la CIV y la insuficiencia de la válvula tricúspide.Öğe Serum and urinary levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in enuresis [Niveles séricos de factor neurotrófico derivado de cerebro en la enuresis](NLM (Medline), 2020) Kurku H.; Soran M.; Yar A.; Akdam N.; Arslan Ş.; Gönen M.OBJECTIVES: Enuresis is one of the most frequently seen psycho-social problems in childhood, which causes anxiety and stress in the child, thus affecting his/her self-respect and quality of life. The aim of the study was to determine the role of bladder function or psychologic factors or both as factors causing enuresis. METHODS: This study on pediatric patients with primary enuresis included 30 patients with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MonoNE), 30 patients with polysymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PolyNE), and 30 healthy controls, making a total of 90 subjects with an age range of 8-18. In all subjects, the levels of serum and urinary Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) were measured, in addition to urinary creatinine levels and calculated as BDNF/Cr ng/mg creatinine (BDNF/ Cr). RESULTS: The serum BDNF results of the PolyNE group (0.949±0.587) were significantly lower than those of the control group (1.158±0.587) (p=0.014). The urinary BDNF results of the PolyNE group (1.107±0.360) were significantly higher than those of both the MonoNE (0.657±0.272) and the control (0.670±0.271) groups (p<0.0001). The BDNF/Cr results of the PolyNE group (1.472±0.714) were significantly higher than those of the MonoNE group (0.956±1.017) and the control group (0.931±0.618) (p=0.044 and p=0.032, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to bladder-specific problems, it is possible for anxiety and psychological stress-induced problems to occur in PolyNE. Therefore, in addition to the increasing number of studies on the bladder in enuresis, further studies on the neurogenic and psychogenic aspects of enuresis should be carried out.OBJETIVOS: La enuresis es uno de los problemas psicosociales más frecuentes en la infancia, que causa ansiedad y estrés a los niños, afectando a su autoestima y calidad de vida. El objetivo de este estudio es la determinación del papel de la función vesical, los factores psicológicos o ambos como factores causales de la enuresis.MÉTODOS: Este estudio en pacientes pediátricos con enuresis incluyó 30 pacientes con enuresis nocturna monosintomática (ENmono), 30 pacientes con enuresis nocturna polisintomática (ENpoli) y 30 controles sanos, sumando un total de 90 individuos con un rango de edad entre 8-18 años. En todos los casos se midieron los niveles séricos y urinarios de factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (FNDC), además de los niveles de creatinina urinaria y se hizo el cálculo de FNDC/Cr ng/mg creatinina. RESULTADOS: Los resultados de FNDC sérico en el grupo ENpoli (0,949±0,587) fueron significativamente menores que los del grupo control (1,158±0,587) (p=0,014). Los resultados de FNDC urinario en el grupo de ENpoli (1,107±0,360) fueron significativamente mayores que los de los grupos ENmono (0,657±0,272) y control (0,670±0,271) (p<0,0001). Los resultados de FNDC/Cr el grupo ENpoli (1,472±0,714) eran significativamente mayores que los de los grupos ENMono (0,956±1,017) y control (0,931±0,618) (p=0,044 y p=0,032, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: Además de problemas específicos vesicales, es posible que los problemas de ansiedad e inducidos por estrés psicológico ocurran en la ENPoli. Por lo tanto, además del creciente número de estudios sobre la vejiga en enuresis, es necesario desarrollar más estudios sobre los aspectos neurogénicos y psicogénicos de la enuresis.
