Effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in patients with chronic periodontitis

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dc.contributor.authorErdemir, EO
dc.contributor.authorDuran, I
dc.contributor.authorHaliloglu, S
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-26T16:48:29Z
dc.date.available2020-03-26T16:48:29Z
dc.date.issued2004
dc.departmentSelçuk Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractObjective: Smoking is an important environmental risk factor for the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contents of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods: The study base consisted of 41 patients including 22 volunteer current smokers with an age range of 32-59 (44.41+/-7.88) years and 19 volunteer non-smokers with an age range of 36-59 (46.94+/-6.07) years. The first month after non-surgical periodontal therapy was accepted as the baseline of the study. The clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded and GCF samples were collected for analysis of GCF contents of IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels. At the 3rd and 6th months, all of these procedures were repeated. Results: In smokers, only CAL was significantly higher at the 3rd month compared with non-smokers (p<0.05). GI and BOP were higher in non-smokers than smokers in both periods (p<0.05). PI showed increases from the initial to the 6th month in smokers (p<0.05). Although the differences between two groups with regard to IL-6 and TNF-alpha were not significant (p>0.05), the total amount of TNF-alpha in GCF decreased from the initial to the 6th month in smokers (p<0.05). There were no significant correlations between the mean total amount of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in GCF and clinical parameters in both evaluation periods in smokers (p>0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that cigarette smoking increases the amount of dental plaque over time in smokers and does not influence GCF contents of IL-6 and TNF-alpha.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/j.0303-6979.2004.00454.xen_US
dc.identifier.endpage104en_US
dc.identifier.issn0303-6979en_US
dc.identifier.issue2en_US
dc.identifier.pmid15016034en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage99en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0303-6979.2004.00454.x
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12395/19042
dc.identifier.volume31en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000188256100006en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherBLACKWELL MUNKSGAARDen_US
dc.relation.ispartofJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGYen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.selcuk20240510_oaigen_US
dc.subjectchronic periodontitisen_US
dc.subjectGCFen_US
dc.subjectIL-6en_US
dc.subjectnon-surgical therapyen_US
dc.subjectsmokingen_US
dc.subjectTNF-alphaen_US
dc.titleEffects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in patients with chronic periodontitisen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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