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Öğe Bacterial translocation and intestinal injury in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis model(COMENIUS UNIV, 2012) Çiftçi, İlhan; Özdemir, Mehmet; Aktan, Tahsin Murad; Asian, K.Objective: To study the occurrence of bacterial translocation and to assess the impact of breasffeeding on bacterial translocation in the animal model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Methods: A total of 20 neonate Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled in the study. Rats were randomly allocated into either control or study group just after birth. Ten newborn rats in the control group were left with their mother to be breast-fed. In contrary, necrotizing enterocolitis group consisted of neonates that were separated from their mothers, housed in an incubator and were gavaged with a special rodent formula three times daily. Survival rates, weight changes, and morphologic scoring obtained after microscopic evaluation were determined as microbiologic evaluation criteria. Results: All the rats in the control group survived, while 1 (10 %) rat died in the necrotizing enterocolitis group. Mortality rates of the two groups were similar. All the formula-fed animals in the necrotizing enterocolitis group had significant weight loss compared to the breast milk-fed rats in the control group (p<0.05). A total of 7 (70 %) and 2 (20 %) E. coli growths were identified in the bowel lumen, liver, and spleen of necrotizing enterocolitis and control groups, respectively. This difference was statistically significant. In peritoneal smear cultures, a total of 3 (30 %) growths were detected in the necrotizing enterocolitis group and 1 (10 %) growth in the control group. Conclusion: As the result of a disturbance in the intestinal flora and impairment of the intestinal barrier in necrotizing enterocolitis, microrganisms in the bowel pass through the intestinal barrier and reach the liver and the spleen via the hematogenous route. This condition is closely related to the impairment of physiological and functional features of the intestinal barrier and is independent from the degree of intestinal injury. Bacterial translocation should be remembered in cases suspected of necrotizing enterocolitis, and a rapid and effective treatment algorithm should be applied in such circumstances (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 21). Full Text in PDF www.elis.sk.Öğe Biochemical and hematological profiles of wistar rats at the Selcuk University experimental medicine research and application center(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021) Öztürk, Bahadır; Çiftçi, İlhan; Ecer, Büşra; Gökyaprak, Salih Metin; Onmaz, Duygu EryavuzAim: Breeders provide a set of reference values for the specific populations, however, rats produced in local experimental animal research centers may have undergone physiological and genetic changes. Our aim in this study was to contribute to further studies by investigating the biochemical and hematological profile of Wistar rats raised under standard local conditions at the Selcuk University Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center (SUDAM), Konya, Turkey. Materials and Methods: The study included 1 (male=15, female=15), 3 (male=15, female=15), 6 (male=15, female=15), and 12-month-old (male=15, female=15) Wistar rats living their normal lives in the Animal House of SUDAM. Selected biochemical and hematological parameters were measured with the Beckman AU 5800 and Beckman Coulter LH-780 analyzers, respectively. Results: Urea, creatinine, ALT, albumin, globulin, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCH levels differed significantly between rats according to months (p<0.05). When the selected biochemical and hematological parameters were compared according to gender, it was found that glucose, urea, ALP, amylase, albumin, total protein, CK, cholesterol, triglyceride, sodium, potassium, RBC, hematocrit, MCH, platelet, WBC, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil levels showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study proved that biochemical and hematological parameters of Wistar rats may alter with factors such as age, gender, environment, and nutrition.Öğe Çocuklarda ileusun nadir nedeni: Mezenter kisti torsiyonu(2015) Sekmenli, Tamer; Çiftçi, İlhan; Çelik, Zehra EsinMezenter kisti abdominal kitlelerin nadir nedenlerinden biridir. Karakteristik klinik bulgu vermemesi ve radyolojik görün - tüleme yöntemlerinin spesifk olmaması nedeniyle tanı koymak güçtür. Genellikle komplike olmamış olgularda abdominal distansiyonla kendini gösterir. 1.5 yaşında erkek hasta 2 gün öncesinde başlayan karın ağrısı safralı kusma şikayetlerinin devam etmesi üzerine tedavi için kliniğimize yatırıldı. Fizik muayenede abdominal distansyonu olan hastanın, ayakta direkt karın grafde multipl, keskin hava sıvı seviyeleri olup, distalde gaz yoktu. Hasta operasyona alındı. 10x10cm çapında büyük bir mezenter kist torsi - yonu nedeniyle mevcut kliniğin oluştuğu görüldü, komşuluğundaki meckel divertiküyle birlikte bu mesafedeki iskemik ans çıkarıldı ve ileal segment uç uca anastomoz yapıldı. Postop 4. günde beslenen hastanın 6. gün sorunsuz taburcusu edildi. Komplike olmamış mezenter kistlerini ultrasonda bağırsaklardan ayırt etmek oldukça zordur. Karın şişkinliği ile gelen ve olası karın içi sıvı artışı nedenleri saptanmayan hastalarda mezenter kistini ayırıcı tanıda düşünmek gerekir. Görüntüle - mede ultrason ve tomograf katkı sağlar. Ek anomali olabileceği unutulmamalıdır. Cerrahi eksizyon tedavi için yeterlidir.Öğe Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on intestinal damage in rats with experimental necrotizing enterocolitis(GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG, 2004) Çiftçi, İlhan; Dilsiz, A; Aktan, Tahsin Murad; Gürbilek, M; Duman, SelçukIn the inflamed intestinal mucosa of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), nitric oxide (NO) generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may contribute to the pathogenesis of local intestinal damage. To study the importance of iNOS for the pathogenesis of NEC, the effects of selective (aminoguanidine, AG) and nonselective (1-nitroarginine methyl ester, L-NAME) iNOS inhibitors on intestinal morphologic changes were assessed in neonatal rats with experimental NEC. The neonatal rats were randomized into one of the five treatment groups. The control group consisted of rats that were breast-fed. The NEC group, consisting of neonates separated from their mothers, were gavaged with a special rodent formula to produce NEC. Rats in the sham, the AG, and the L-NAME groups were gavaged in a similar fashion to those in the NEC group; in addition, they were treated with 0.9% saline, 10 mg/kg/day AG, and 10 mg/ kg/day L-NAME, respectively. The rats were sacrificed on day 4, and the last 4 cm of terminal ileum was harvested for morphological studies and detection of nitrite and nitrate levels in tissue. The animals in the NEC and sham groups showed various degrees of intestinal inflammatory changes and increased tissue levels of nitrite and nitrate compared to those in the control group. Both AG and L-NAME treatment decreased the tissue levels of these nitrogen oxides, but the inflammatory changes of the intestine appeared to be attenuated only in the AG treated animals. L-NAME treatment did not improve the intestinal damage and increased mortality. These results may indicate that NO synthesized by iNOS plays a pathogenic role in formula-fed induced NEC and that inhibition of iNOS improves intestinal inflammatory damage.Öğe Efficacy of a low-dose spinal morphine with bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing hypospadias repair(WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, 2009) Apılıoğulları, Seza; Duman, Ateş; Gök, Funda; Akıllıoğlu, İshak; Çiftçi, İlhanP>Background: Children undergoing hypospadias repair need to be protected from highly unpleasant sensory and emotional experiences during and after surgery. We designed a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled study to compare the efficacy of a low-dose (2 mu g center dot kg-1) of intrathecal morphine with placebo for postoperative pain control of children undergoing repair of hypospadias surgery with spinal anesthesia. Methods: Fifty-four children were randomly assigned to one of two spinal anesthesia groups. Group M (n = 27) received hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 2 mu g center dot kg-1 of preservative-free morphine and group P (n = 27) received hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.9% NaCl (placebo) under inhalation anesthesia. General anesthetics were discontinued subsequent to the block. The primary outcome was the presence of pain-requiring analgesics during the first 12 h after the spinal block. Side effects were also recorded. The analgesic effects were evaluated by using the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale. Results: Forty-nine patients completed the trial. Fifteen patients (60%) in group P received supplementary analgesics within the first 12 h compared to only four patients (16.7%) in group M (P = 0.005). Mean duration of analgesia was 480 +/- 209 and 720 +/- 190 min in group P and group M respectively (P = 0.009). The groups were similar in postoperative side effects. Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia provided by hyperbaric bupivacaine is adequate for distal hypospadias repair in children, but adding 2 mu g center dot kg-1 intrathecal morphine provides better postoperative pain control when compared to placebo in these children.Öğe Enteral Glutamine Supplementation and Dexamethasone Attenuate the Local Intestinal Damage in Rats With Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis(Springer-Verlag, 2003) Dilsiz, Alaeddin; Çiftçi, İlhan; Aktan, Tahsin Murad; Gürbilek, Mehmet; Karagözoğlu, EmrahThe pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) presumptively is due to an inappropriate intestinal epithelial immunologic response of immature gut to luminal stimuli. Glutamine is essential for intestinal crypt cell proliferation and enhances the cellular response to growth factors. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the supplementation of enteral feedings with glutamine may stimulate an immature intestine and decrease the intestinal inflammatory change in NEC. Immediately after birth, the neonatal rats were weighed and randomized into one of four treatment groups. Group 1 consisted of rats whom were breast-fed. Group 2 (NEC group) consisted of neonates whom were fed with a special rodent formula. Rats in groups 3 and 4 were fed in a similar fashion to those in group 2, and glutamine 0.3 mg/kg per day and dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg per day were added to their formula, respectively. The neonatal rats were weighed and killed on day 4: the last 4 cm of terminal ileum was harvested for morphological studies and detection of nitrite and nitrate levels in tissue. The animals in the NEC group showed various degrees of inflammatory changes similar to clinical NEC. The inflammatory changes of the intestine appeared to be attenuated in both glutamine- and steroid-treated animals compared to those in the NEC group. Only steroid treatment decreased the tissue levels of these nitrogen oxides that were increased in rats in the NEC group. We herein provide evidence that maturational agents such as glutamine and dexametasone can attenuate the local intestinal inflammatory damage in experimental NEC. These findings support the hypothesis that the gut immaturity in premature infants represents a risk factor for NEC.Öğe Epidemiologic evaluation of patients with major burns and recommendations for burn prevention(TURKISH ASSOC TRAUMA EMERGENCY SURGERY, 2012) Çiftçi, İlhan; Arslan, Kemal; Altunbaş, Zeynep; Kara, Fatih; Yılmaz, HüseyinBACKGROUND Burns are an important health problem in our country and in the world. In our study, we aimed to epidemiologically analyze the patients who were hospitalized in a burn unit that serves 3 million individuals in Central Anatolia. METHODS Records of 457 patients who had been hospitalized in the burn unit during the period 2008-2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were assessed in terms of gender, age, burn area, burn depth, admission time to the health center, burn region, and factors causing burns. RESULTS Most (44.6%) of the patients were in the 0-5 age group. Burn surface area was detected as 11.6 +/- 8.5%. Patients had reached the health center in 252.8 +/- 892.5 minutes. While 82.7% of the patients had second degree burns, 17.3% had third degree burns. Most burns were on the extremities (39.6%). The most common burn agent was scalds with hot liquids (54.1%). CONCLUSION In our study, children in the 0-5 age group were found to be the most commonly affected group with respect to indoor burns. The basic contributing factor is that children spend more time in the house and are more active. Scalding burns may be prevented when greater care is taken when using hot liquids that may lead to indoor burns. Informing parents on this issue is of first priority.Öğe Experiences of Single Incision Cholecystectomy(IVYSPRING INT PUBL, 2013) Yılmaz, Hüseyin; Alptekin, Hüsnü; Acar, Fahrettin; Çiftçi, İlhan; Tekin, Ahmet; Şahin, MustafaPurpose: Single incision laparoscopic surgery in suitable cases is preferred today because it results in less postoperative pain, a more rapid recovery period, more comfort, and a better cosmetic appearance from smaller incisions. This study aims to present our experiences with single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy to evaluate the safety and feasibility of this procedure. Methods: A total of 150 patients who underwent single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy between January 2009 and December 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. In this serial, two different access techniques were used for single incision laparoscopy. Results: Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed successfully on 150 patients. Median operative time was 29 (minimum-maximum=5-66) minutes. Median duration of hospital stay was found to be 1.33 (minimum-maximum=1-8) days. Patients were controlled on the seventh postoperative day. Bilier complication was not seen in the early period. Five patients showed port site hernia complications. Other major complications were not seen in the 36-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Operation time of single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is significantly shortened with the learning curve. Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy seems a safe method.Öğe Hepatic Hydatid Cyst and Intraperitoneal Free Hydatid Cyst(2012) Çiftçi, İlhan; Yilmaz, HüseyinHydatid disease is relatively frequent in our country and non-invasive ultrasonic imaging techniques have made possible an earlier diagnosis prior to serious complications. Human hydatid disease usually occurs by infestation with Echinococcus granulosus and less frequently with Echinococcus multiocullaris. A twelve-year old girl fell from the swing 12 days ago. Acute abdomen was suspected, and she was operated under emergency conditions. Exploration of the abdomen soon revealed a giant cystic lesion formation, and this development did not fit the development of hydatid cyst pathophysiology.Öğe Long-term results of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies(2012) Çakır, Murat; Tekin, Ahmet; Küçükkartallar, Tevfik; Çiftçi, İlhan; Vatansev, Celalettin; Aksoy, Faruk; Kartal, AdilAmaç: Oral gıda alamayan, özellikle yoğun bakım ünitelerinde yatmakta olan hastalara enteral beslenme desteği sağlamak amacıyla minimal invaziv bir metod olan perkutan endoskopik gastrostomi (PEG) deneyimimizi sunmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve yöntem: Bu çalışmada kliniğimizde Ocak 2000 - Haziran 2010 tarihleri arasında en az 4 hafta süreyle oral beslenemeyeceği öngörülerek PEG yerleştirilen 700 olgu retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hasta kayıtları endikasyonlar, komplikasyonlar ve sonuçları açısından değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların 400’ (% 57) ü erkek, 300’ ü (%43) bayandı. Olguların büyük çoğunluğu nörolojik nedenli patolojilerdi. Tüm hastalarda beslenme problemi vardı. PEG sonrası 50 (%7.1) hastada cilt altı infeksiyonu, 18 (%2.5) hastada PEG kenarından kaçak, 16 (%2.0) hastada PEG kenarından kanama görüldü. Sonuç: PEG, minimal invaziv bir girişim ile yapılabilmesi, mortalite ve morbiditesinin çok az olması nedeniyle yoğun bakım hastaları için basit, emniyetli ve etkili bir beslenme yöntemidir.Öğe Management of Postdural Puncture Headache with Epidural Saline Patch in a 10-Year-Old Child After Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Case Report(W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 2012) Kara, İnci; Çiftçi, İlhan; Apilioğulları, Seza; Arun, Oğuzhan; Duman, Ateş; Çelik, Jale BengiSpinal anesthesia (SA) is becoming increasingly popular among pediatric anesthetists. Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) has been reported in children. PDPH generally spontaneously resolves within a few days with bed rest and nonopioid analgesics, but it may last for several days. If the symptoms persist, an epidural blood patch is considered as an effective treatment. We describe the successful use of an epidural saline patch in a 10year-old child with PDPH who did not respond to conservative treatment.Öğe The necessity of burn treatment units(2013) Arslan, Kemal; Çiftçi, İlhan; Doğru, Osman; Altuntaş, Zeynep; Atay, ArifBu çalışmanın amacı yeni kurulanKonya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Yanık Ünitesine yatırılaran ilk 950 yanık hastasını tanımlamaktır. Yanık yaralanması teşhisiyle Ağustos 2008 ile Eylül 2011 tarihleri arasında ünitemize yatırılarak tedavi edilen hastalar çalışmaya alındı. Hastaların bilgileri retrospektif incelendi. Cinsiyet, yaş, etyoloji, derece, hastanede yatış süresi, uygu- lanan konservatif, cerrahi tedavi ve tedavi maliyetleri incelendi. Toplam 38 ayda 950 hasta tedavi edildi. Erkek / kadın oranı 1,64, ortalama yaş 30,5222,54 (range: 0-94) idi. En sık haşlama (%51,2) yanıkları ile karşılaşıldı. Elektrik yanıkları en fazla (%82.8) tam kat yanık nedeniydi. Yanık pansumanı ve yanık örtüleri ile tedavi edilenlerin oranı % 77,2 ve cerrahi tedavi uygulanan hastaların oranı ise % 22,8di. Hastane yatış gün sayısı ortalama 13,486,48 ve toplam vücut yüzey yanık alanı ortalama % 14,026,2 idi. Çalışma süresince mortalite % 2 ve son olarak tedavi maliyeti her hasta için 1.345 Türk Lirası idi. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yanık tedavi birimleri kurulmalıdır. Yanık tedavi birimi olmayan hastanelerde yanık hastaları Genel Cerrahi ve Plastik Cerrahi gibi diğer kliniklerde, yanık tedavisi için uygun olmayan şartlarda, yanık tedavisi için eğitim almamış personel tarafından tedavi edilmeye zorlanmaktadır. Yanık hastalarının çoğu yanık pansumanı ve gelişmiş yanık örtüleri ile tedavi edilebilmektedir. Son olarak yanık hastalarının tedavisi diğer hastalıklara göre oldukça pahalıdır.Öğe The necessity of burn treatment units [Yanık Tedavi Ünitelerinin Gereklili?i](TIP ARASTIRMALARI DERNEGI, 2013) Arslan, Kemal; Çiftçi, İlhan; Doğru, Osman; Altuntaş, Zeynep; Atay, ArifAim of study to identify, describe the patterns first 950 burn patients treated in Konya Education and Research Hospital Burn Unit. First consecutive 950 patients with burn injury hospitalized included in this study. The patient's records reviewed for this study. Patient's ratio male to female is 1.64. The mean age was 30.52±22.54 years; range was 0-94 years. Scald was the most frequent caused burn (51.2%). Electrical burns were the most common cause of full-thickness burns(%82.8). The patients 77.2% treated conservatively with burn dressing and them 22.8% treated surgically. The mean hospitalization time is 13.48±6.48 days and the mean burned TBSA 14.02±6.2%. The mortality rate was 2% for the study period and lastly cost of treatment burns injury Turkish Liras 1.345 per patient. Burn unit should be established in developing countries. Because the burn unit do not have in hospitals, burn patients are forced to be treated, other clinics and unsuitable conditions for burn wounds and the staff have not been received training in burn wounds and treatment of burn injury. The most of the burned patients can be treated with advanced burn dressing conservatively and lastly treatments of patients with burns injury are very expensive according to the treatments other diseases.Öğe Primer retroperitoneal tümörlerde klinik deneyimlerimiz(2018) Sekmenli, Tamer; Çiftçi, İlhan; Köse, Doğan; Köksal, Yavuz; Sekmenli, NevinAMAÇ: Bu çalışmada Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi2011-2013 tarihleri arasında Çocuk Onkoloji AnabilimDalı’nda takipli ve Çocuk Cerrahisi Kliniğince opere edilentoplam 22 retroperitoneal tümörlü hastanın kayıtlarıretrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Retroperitoneal tümör nedeniyle2011-2013 arasında cerrahi girişim yapılan olgulargeriye dönük olarak incelendi. Primer retroperitonealtümörü kontrol altına alınan, başka uzak organ metastazıolmayan cerrahi tedavi uygulanan olgular çalışmayadahil edildi. Yaş, cinsiyet, primer tanı anında tümör evresi,cerrahi tedavi yöntemi, patolojik tanı ve takip açısındanolguların dosyaları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.BULGULAR: Olgularımızın 9’u (%40) erkek, 13’ü (%60)kadındı. Ortalama yaş erkeklerde 71 ay (3-132), kadınlarda37 ay (6-204) idi. Histopatolojik olarak olguların 15(%68)’i nöroblastom, 4’ü (%18.5) Wilms tümörü, 1’i(%4.5) embriyonal rabdomyosarkom, 1’i (%4.5) berrakhücreli sarkom, 1’i (%4.5) malign sinir kılıfı tümörü olarakdeğerlendirildi. Tanı anında olguların 8’i (%36) evre I, 7’si(%32) Evre III, 7’si (%32) evre IV safhasındaydı.SONUÇ: Olgularımızın %68’i nöroblastom olup,tanı anında hastaların %64’ü evre III ve evre IV idi.Anatomik lokalizasyonları nedeniyle ileri evrelere kadarsessiz tümörler olan retroperitoneal tümörlerin çoğunöroblastomdur ve genellikle ileri evrelerde tanı alırlar.Öğe Protective effects of growth hormone on bacterial translocation and intestinal damage in rats with partial intestinal obstruction(COMENIUS UNIV, 2014) Kaymakcı, Aytekin; Güven, Şirin; Çiftçi, İlhan; Akıllıoğlu, İshak; Aktan, Murad; Eker, Hasan Hüseyin; Sütçü, A.Objective: One of the reasons of bacterial translocation (BT) is the complete or partial intestinal obstructions (PIO) of the gastrointestinal system. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of recombinant human Growth Hormone (rhGH) on BT in rats with partial intestinal obstruction (PIO). Material and methods: The rats were randomly divided into the 4 groups: Group I: Sham-operated (SO) (n = 12), Group II control PIO (n = 12), Group III: PIO with rhGH treatment for 5 days (n = 12), Group IV: PIO with rhGH treatment 5 days before PIO and 5 days after PIO (a total of 10 days) (n = 12). In the groups III and IV, the effects of 5 and 10 days administered rhGH were examined. Results: The level of serum and of intestinal fluid IgA was significantly higher in the Group IV compared to the Group I, Group II and Group III. In the Group IV, the number of small intestinal goblet and colonic goblet cells, and the lengths of intestinal mucosal villi and crypt depths were statistically significantly higher than in Groups II and III. The rate of bacterial translocation was higher in the Group II: 100 % in MLNs, 41.6 % in blood culture and 50.8 % in the liver cultures, it was significantly higher compared to the other groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The study results demonstrated that administration of rhGH to the rats with PIO for at least 10 days decreased bacterial translocation (Fig. 3, Ref. 25). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.Öğe The Role of Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy in Detecting Vesicoureteral Reflux(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Ekim) Sarıkaya, Mehmet; Önner, Hasan; Özcan Sıkı, Fatma; Yılmaz, Farise; Kara Gedik, Gonca; Çiftçi, İlhanAims: This study aims to evaluate the role of standardized dynamic renal scintigraphy (DRS) in recognizing vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in patients detected with VUR by voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Methods: The data of all pediatric patients who underwent both VCUG and DRS [technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-99m DTPA) or technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine dynamic renal scintigraphy (Tc-99m MAG-3)] in our hospital between 2013 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Tc-99m MAG-3 was used in infants and Tc-99m DTPA radiopharmaceutical in children over one year old. According to VCUG findings, VUR grades were grouped as grade I-II-III low-grade VUR and IV-V high-grade VUR. The role of DRS in detecting VUR in both low and high-VUR-grade groups was evaluated. Results: A total of 56 patients (and 69 renal units), 23 girls (%41.1), and 33 boys (%68.9) were included in this study. The median value of the time elapsed between the DRS and VCUG examinations was nine days. According to VCUG, VUR was grade I in five renal units, grade II in 19 renal units, grade III in six renal units, grade IV in six renal units, and grade V in 33 renal units. DRS detected VUR in two of 30 renal units (%6.7) in the low VUR grade group. On the other hand, VUR was observed with DRS in 27 of 39 renal units (%69.2) in the high VUR grade group. Conclusions: Standardized DRS shows very low sensitivity in recognizing low-grade VUR, and its performance in detecting high-grade VUR is comparatively better. Increasing the awareness of clinicians about the detection of VUR with standardized DRS will benefit patients.
