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Öğe Boron Content of Cultivated Soils in Central-Southern Anatolia and Its Relationship with Soil Properties and Irrigation Water Quality(Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ, 2002) Gezgin, Sait; Dursun, Nesim; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Önder, Mustafa; Sade, Bayram; Topal, Ali; Soylu, Süleyman; Akgün, Necdet; Yorgancılar, Mustafa; Ceyhan, Ercan; Çiftçi, Nizamettin; Acar, Bilal; Gültekin, İrfan; Işık, Yusuf; Cevdet, Şeker; Babaoğlu, MehmetBoron toxicity may occur in semi-arid regions due to high levels of B in soils, in the ground water, in fertilisers or in irrigation water (U.S. Salinity Lab. Staff, 1954; Nable et al., 1997). Boron availability is affected by soil properties, principally pH, salt content, organic matter, lime, soil texture and exchangeable cations (Keren and Bingham, 1985; Sakal and Singh, 1995; Rahmatullah et al, 1999). According to Wilcox and Durum (1967), the minimum B concentration in irrigation water for a given crop species that does not reduce yield or lead to injury (symptoms) ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 mg B I¹ for sensitive crops, to 1.0 to 2.0 mgl¹ for semi-tolerant crops, and 2.0 to 4.0 mgl¹ for tolerant plant species.Öğe Combining ability and heterosis for concentration of mineral elements and protein in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2014) Ceyhan, Ercan; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Kahraman, AliBean is one of the most consumed pulse crops in the world. Hence, the quality of the protein and mineral content is important for producers and consumers. Line x tester methods were used to determine the combining ability and heterosis of protein content and mineral accumulation in common beans that were crosses of PV1, PV2, PV3, PV4, PV5, PV6, Sehirali 90, Alcman 98, and Yunus 90. Mean squares of line x tester interactions were significant for all of the investigated traits and indicated the prevalence of nonadditive variance; moreover, the value of the s(gca)(2)/s(sca)(2) ratio for all characters was less than 1 and indicated predominance of nonadditive gene effects. Line x tester analysis revealed significant general combining ability and specific combining ability (SCA) effects for all the traits. Among the parents, PV2 and Yunus 90 were found to have high general combining abilities for protein and minerals. The most promising specific combiners for protein and minerals were from crosses PV1 x Akman 98, PV2 x Akman 98, and PV5 x Yunus 90. The average heterosis for protein was -0.70% in the F-1 generation. The crosses PV1 x Akman 98, PV2 x Akman 98, and PV5 x Yunus 90 for protein content had significant estimates of both SCA effects and heterosis, suggesting the predominance of nonadditive gene action for the trait in these crosses. Additionally, only potassium content showed significant differences among the bean lines, while the testers exhibited nonsignificant differences for all of the investigated features. Analysis of the data indicated that the selection of parents should be based on per-seed content, as well as combining ability and heterosis, in order to improve protein and mineral contents in the common bean.Öğe Comparative evaluation of some macro- and micro-element and heavy metal contents in commercial fruit juices(SPRINGER, 2012) Harmankaya, Mustafa; Gezgin, Sait; Özcan, Mehmet MusaMicro- and macro-element contents of several commercial fruit juices purchased from marked were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Among the minor elements determined, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, Co, Cd and Ni were found to be lover. Major mineral contents of fruit juices were established as Ca, K, Mg and P. The potassium contents of fruit juices were determined at the higher levels. K contents of fruit juices ranged between 475 mg/kg (B apricot) and 1478 mg/kg (B peach). In addition while Ca contents of fruit juices change between 19.3 mg/kg (E cherry) and 81.8 mg/kg (C orange), Mg contents ranged at the levels between 23.7 mg/kg (A apricot) and 65.4 mg/kg (D orange). Generally Ca and contents of peach, orange and apricot juices that belong to A and D companies were determined at the high levels.Öğe Determination of metal, non-metal and heavy metal contents of some tropical fruits growing in Indonesia(WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, 2015) Gökbel, Hakkı; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Özcan, Mehmet MusaThe importance of the current study was to determine the mineral and heavy metal contents of several tropical fruits provided from Indonesia. Mineral contents of some tropical fruits were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. As macro element, Ca contents of fruits were found between 167 mg/kg (Pir) and 1,051 mg/kg (Jambu). In addition, K contents of fruits ranged from 5,803 mg/kg (Manggis) to 17,659 mg/kg (Dragori). P contents ranged from 491 mg/kg (Sukun) to 3158 mg/kg (Dragori) (P<0.05). As micro element, Fe content varied between 24.7 mg/kg (Pir) and 54.1 mg/kg (Dragori). In addition, while Mn contents of fruits change between 2.3 mg/kg (Sukun) and 33.2 mg/kg (Starfruit), Zn content varied from 2.9 mg/kg (Sukun) to 37.5 mg/kg (Dragori) (P< 0.05). As heavy metal, Cd, Cr, Mo and Ni contents of fruits were found at low levels.Öğe Effect of cultivars on evaluation of leaf analysis of apple trees(INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 2016) Uçgun, Kadir; Gezgin, Sait; Akgül, Hüseyin; Atasay, Adem; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Altındal, MesutLeaf analysis is used as a standard method for determination of the nutritional status of apple orchards in the middle of vegetation, but not take into consideration the differences among cultivars in the evaluation of results of leaf analysis. In 2010-2011 years, this study was performed on leaves collected from two different regions in Isparta, Turkey where apple is cultivated for determining the effect of cultivars on evaluation of the results of leaf analysis. In the middle of vegetation, leaves were collected from 68 orchards which consist of 'Starking Delicious', 'Golden Delicious', 'Granny Smith' and 'Spur Delicious', and contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and B were determined. The cultivars showed statistically significant differences in terms of N, P, K, Mg and B contents. According to the results of this study, it was determined that cultivars should be taken into consideration in the evaluation of leaf analysis.Öğe Effect of selenium application on selenium and macro-micro nutrients content of grain maize in Turkey(2018) Delıboran, Aise; Işık, Yılmaz; Aslan, Hasan; Nacar, Abdullah Suat; Kara, Hatice; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Gezgin, SaitSelenium is essential for both humans and animals, and must be taken with nutrients in sufficientamount. Concentration of selenium in the food for both human and animal is desired between 100-1000 ?gkg-1. This study conducted field experiments on the Harran Plateau to investigate; the effect of soilapplications in form of selenite on maize grain yield and Se content; the efficiency of soil application; therelationship between Se content in maize grain and Se application rate; and the effect of Se fertilisers onmacronutrients and other micronutrients in grain maize. In this study, DKC 5783 F1 which is grownintensively in the area as a grain maize variety, sodium selenite was used as selenium source with eightlevels (0-5-10-15-25-50-75-100 g Se ha-1). Sodium selenite was applied to the soil in liquid form beforesowing. Sodium selenite application didn’t affect the total Ca, Mg, S, Zn, B, Mo and Se content of grain,but it affected N, P, K, Fe, Cu and Mn content, statistically.Öğe Effects of application boron on yields, yield component and oil content of sunflower in boron-deficient calcareous soils(ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2008) Ceyhan, Ercan; Onder, Mustafa; Ozturk, Ozden; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Gezgin, SaitThe study was conducted to investigate the effects of five boron ( B) doses; 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg B ha(-1) in B-deficient calcareous soils on yield and some yield components of four sunflower genotypes. Genotypes have shown variations with respect to their responses to B applications. AS-615 and Coban had the highest seed yield (3.75 and 3.23 t ha(-1), respectively) at 7.5 kg B ha(-1), whereas S-288 and TR-4098 yielded 4.17 and 3.28 t ha(-1), respectively, at 0 kg B ha(-1). Therefore, S-288 and TR-4098 can be indicator genotypes for B toxicity. The other genotypes appeared to have high sensitivity to B deficiency. For AS-615 and Coban, application at 7.5 kg B ha(-1) level was found to be sufficient for adequate grain yield, whereas further B levels might have detrimental effects on grain yield.Öğe Effects of sowing dates and cultivars on protein and mineral contents of bean (Phaseolus vulgayis L.)(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2008) Ceyhan, Ercan; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Avci, Mehmet AliSix bean cultivars were grown at four different sowing dates for two years to study the effects of sowing date, genotypic and growing seasons on protein and mineral contents. The protein and mineral contents of bean are influenced by growing seasons, sowing date and genetic factors. This study investigated differences in protein and mineral contents in grains of six bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. Protein content ranged 21.40-27.29 %, phosphorus 570.00-796.59 mg/100g, potassium 1856.40-2159.24 mg/100 g, magnesium 74.56-197.95 mg/100 g, calcium 120.06-182.65 mg/100 g, sodium 45.57-51.89 mg/100 g, iron 6.50-8.41 mg/100 g and zinc 1.69-2.27 mg/100 g, respectively with significant differences; among bean cultivars. The effects of years, sowing date, cultivars, year x cultivars; interaction, year x sowing date interaction, cultivars x sowing date interaction and year x cultivars x sowing date interaction were highly significant, but the variation was mainly attributed to the environment and sowing date. In general, protein, phosphor-us, potassium, calcium, sodium and iron content increased with delayed sowing. Unlike, the zinc content decreased with delayed sowing.Öğe Elma ağaçlarında yaprak analizlerinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan referans değerlerinin Isparta Bölgesi için kalibrasyonu(2013) Uçgun, Kadir; Gezgin, Sait; Akgül, Hüseyin; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Atasay, Adem; Altındal, Mesut; İlban, BekirStandart yaprak örneği alım dönemindeki sınır değerlerinin bölgesel kalibrasyonu için yapılan bu çalışma, 2010-2011 yıllarında Isparta ilinde bulunan elma bahçelerinden alınan yaprak örnekleri kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Öncelikle standart yaprak örneği alım döneminde elma ağaçları için bölgesel referans değerler tespit edilmiş, daha sonra elde edilen bu değerler farklı araştırıcılar tarafından bildirilen referans değerlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Elma yetiştiriciliğinin yoğun olarak yapıldığı bölgelerden meyve üretim miktarına göre 150 bahçe belirlenmiş ve temmuz ayı başında yaprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan yaprak örneklerinde N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn ve B analizleri yapılmış, elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilerek her bir besin elementi için Isparta Bölgesine uygun alt ve üst sınır değerler belirlenmiştir. Azot, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn ve B için sırasıyla %2.45-2.85, %0.18-0.24, %1.57-1.99, %1.10- 1.41, %0.32-0.43, 39-80 ppm, 13-26 ppm ve 33-42 ppm değerleri referans olarak tespit edilmiştir. Önceki çalışmalarda elde edilen değerlerle karşılaştırıldığında, belirlenen N değerinin yüksek, Zn değerinin düşük, diğer besin elementlerinin ise benzer aralık içerisinde yer aldığı belirlenmiştir.Öğe Evaluation of the mineral and trace elements of various breads(M H SCHAPER GMBH CO KG, 2018) Harmankaya, Mustafa; Korkmaz, Ayşegül; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Ceylan, Durmuşali; Akköz, Cengiz; Dursun, Nesim; Özcan, Mustafa MeteBread samples were provided randomly from six bakeries (A, B, C, D, E and F) located in different district Konya in Turkey. While K contents of white bread vary between 157.0 mg/100 g (Bakery-C) and 515 mg/100 g (Bakery-F), K contents of loaf bread changed between 220 mg/100 g (Bakery-D) to 549 nig/100 g (Bakery-F) (p<0.05). In addition, K contents of corn, rye and whole wheat breads changed between 215 mg/100 g (Bakery-E) and 362 mg/100 g (Bakery-A), 247 mg/100 g Bakery-D) and 328 mg/100 g (Bakery-F) to 248 mg/100 g (Bakery-B) and 394 mg/100 g (Bakery Bakery-F), respectively. While P contents of loaf breads change between 125 mg/100 g (Bakery-D) and 357 mg/100 g (Bakery-F), P contents of bran-bread varied between 107 (Bakery-B) and 312 mg/100 g (Bakery-E) (p<0.05). Also, P contents of whole wheat breads changed between 141 mg/100 g (Bakery-B) and 240 mg/100 g (Bakery-A). The highest Ca contents of breads were found in bran-bread (758 mg/100 g) (Bakery-F), rye bread (697 mg/100 g) (Bakery-F), corn bread (377 mg/100 g) (Bakery B) (p<0.05). The highest Fe was found in whole wheat bread (4.36 mg/100 g) (Bakery A) sample. The highest Zn contents of breads were found in loaf bread (2.46 mg/100 g) (Bakery-F) and bran-bread (2.47 mg/100 g) (Bakery-D). Mineral contents of breads showed differences depending on bread types and bakery.Öğe Farklı organik atıkların yalın veya mineral gübre ile beraber uygulanmasının toprağın verim potansiyeline etkisi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1999-12-29) Harmankaya, Mustafa; Fırat, BekirBu araştırma, farklı organik artıklardan mısır sapı, haşhaş kapsülü ve çiftlik gübresinin artan dozlarının yalın veya mineral gübre ile kombine olarak uygulanmasının toprağın verim potansiyeline etkisi çerçevesinde besin maddelerinin topraktaki yarayışlılığına ve bunların bitki tarafından alımına etkilerini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tesadüf parseller deneme desenine göre faktöriyel planda iki tekerrürlü olarak iki yıl süre ile Eğirdir Ovası'nda tarla denemeleri şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede konular (0.1.2 ve 4 ton/da )organik artıklardan çiftlik gübresi, haşhaş kapsülü ve mısır sapı toprağa yalın ve dekara 8 kg N, 8 kg P2O5, 8 kg K20 mineral gübre ile kombine şeklinde verilmiştir. Test bitkisi olarak "Arifiye" çeşidi mısır yetiştirilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan haşhaş kapsülü topraktaki besin maddelerinin yarayışlı formunu çiftlik gübresi ve mısır sapından genelde daha fazla artırmıştır. Değişik organik artıkların mineral gübre ile kombinasyonu, bitkideki Fe ve Zn gibi özellikle mikro besin elementlerin miktarını olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir.Öğe Fatty acid composition and mineral contents of pea genotype seeds(JIHAD DANESHGAHI, 2019) Ada, Rahim; Ceyhan, Ercan; Çelik, Şadiye Ayşe; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Özcan, Mehmet MusaMetal, non-metal and and heavy metal contents of different pea genotype seeds were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). For all genotypes, significant differences were observed in the mineral contents. Potassium was the most abundant element, ranged from 10146.13 mg/kg (PS3048) to 13171.97 mg/kg (PS3053) (Table 1). In addition, the phosphor content of pea seeds was found between 4004.31 mg/kg (PS 30100) and 5651.27 mg/kg (PS 3057). These pea genotypes contained 1562.32 mg/kg to 2034.28 mg/kg magnesium. Zinc contetns of pea samples changed between 29.66 mg/kg (PS 3055) and 67.81 mg/kg (PS 4053 B). The oil contents of pea samples ranged from 0.84% (PS4053 B) to 3.59% (PS 3055). Oleic acid is predominant fatty acid 12.95% to 45.02% followed by palmitic 13.68% to 77.28%, stearic (1.66% to 15.99%) acids. The highest oleic acid was found in PS3048 genotype (45.02%). The highest palmitic acid was found in PS4021 pea sample (77.28%). The current study contributes to the available information concerning the composition of several pea genotypes grown in Turkey.Öğe Macro- and micro-nutrient element contents of some fruit growing in Minsk, Belarus(M H SCHAPER GMBH CO KG, 2016) Samus, Vyacheslav; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Özkalp, Birol; Al Juhaimi, FahadMineral contents of several fruits growing in Minsk in Belarus were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The highest K (19141 mg/kg) was found in redberry sample, followed by red plum (big) (13352 mg/Kg), strawberry (13287 mg/Kg), blackberry (12896 mg/kg), yellow grape (12215 mg/kg), yellow plum H1 (12438 mg/kg), yellow plum H2 (12124 mg/kg), black grape (big) (11472 mg/kg), black grape (small) (11692 mg/kg), red plum (small) (10743 mg/Kg) and grape (red) (10572 mg/kg). P contents of fruits changed between 394 mg/kg wild apple) and 3422 mg/kg (redberry). Cr, Mo, Ni and Pb were found in very low concentrations. Generally, while Cu contents of fruits change between 1.6 mg/Kg (red hybrit apple) and 8 mg/kg (red berry), Fe contents ranged from 12.5 mg/kg (yellow pear) to 51.4 mg/kg (black berry). It appears that fruits could serve as good source of some nutrients.Öğe Mineral and heavy metal contents of the outer and inner tissues of commonly used fruits(Springer, 2012) Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Gezgin, SaitThe rate of heavy metal pollution in some minor fruit samples growing at roadsides in Turkey were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The mineral contents of samples were found to be different depending on the several parts Citrus fruits. The highest minor and heavy metal levels for Citrus fruits were determined between 17.24 and 45.30 mg/kg boron, 2.08 and 15.05 mg/kg copper, 1.01 and 16.00 mg/kg iron and 2.35 and 9.87 mg/kg zinc. Boron content ranged from 16.54 mg/kg (Deveci pear inner pulp) to 89.89 mg/kg (Arjantin apple outer skin). The level of Fe ranged from 1.49 mg/kg (quince pulp) to 25.05 mg/kg (Ankara pear pulp). Cu content of fruits ranged between 2.52 mg/kg (Fuji apple skin) and 25.93 mg/kg quince skin). Zn content was found between 0.46 mg/kg (Golden apple pulp) and 14.34 mg/kg (quince skin). P contents ranged from 651 mg/kg (Golden apple pulp) to 1269 mg/kg (quince skin). Na was found between 500 mg/kg (Fuji apple skin) and 907 mg/kg (Arjantin apple skin).Öğe Mineral contents and proximate composition of Pistacia vera kernels(SPRINGER, 2014) Harmankaya, Mustafa; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y.The mineral contents of Pistacia vera kernels were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The minimum and maximum values of K, P, Ca, Mg, and S elements ranged from 6,333 to 8,064 mg/kg, 3,630 to 5,228 mg/kg, 1,614 to 3,226 mg/kg, 1,716 to 2,402 mg/kg, and 1,417 to 1,825 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, the mean values of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, B, Mo, Cr and Ni elements were determined as 42.48, 20.52, 12.81, 7.48, 11.31, 0.106, 0.511 and 1.67 mg/kg, respectively. Ash levels of kernels were found between 2.28 % (Urfa) and 2.79 % (Halebi). In addition, crude oil and protein contents were determined between 48.8 % (Halebi) to 55.3 % (Siirt) and 23.33 % (Uzun) to 27.16 % (Halebi), respectively.Öğe MINERAL CONTENTS OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE (Helianthus tuberosus L.) GROWING WILD IN TURKEY(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Harmankaya, Mustafa; Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Özcan, Mehmet MusaMacro- and micro-elements of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers growing in Konya (Karapinar and Cumra locations) provinces in Turkey were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium contents of Jerusalem artichoke were found at high levels, whereas K content was found as 21615 mg/kg and 26251 mg/kg for Jerusalem artichoke; P contents of Jerusalem artichoke were found between 2585 and 4791 mg/kg; and Ca was determined between 1573 and 2073 mg/kg for Jerusalem artichoke. In addition, Zn content was found in a range from 11.0 mg/kg for Yaylapinar to 15.6 mg/kg for Saracoglu artichoke. While Fe content of Jerusalem artichoke was found between 23.32 mg/kg to 54.46 mg/kg, Cu content of Jerusalem artichoke was determined between 4.50 mg/kg to 8.98 mg/kg. The Cr contents of Jerusalem artichoke were found between 0.396 mg/kg to 0.642 mg/kg. Ash contents of Jerusalem artichoke tubers were found between 5.70% to 7.63%. Protein contents of Jerusalem artichoke samples were found between 6.23% to 10.71%.Öğe Mineral contents of the head, caudal, central fleshy part, and spinal columns of some fishes(SPRINGER, 2014) Alaş, Ali; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Harmankaya, MustafaIn the experiment, mineral contents of the head, caudal, central fleshy part, and spinal columns of fishes were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The Ca content of base fleshy part ranged from 1,682 to 5,505 mg/kg. The Ca contents of central fleshy part were found between 104 and 428 mg/kg. This value was found between 5,582 and 7,368 in the spinal column parts. The K content in general ranged from 2,411 (Carassius gibellio) and 4,419 mg/kg (Scomber scombrus). The highest potassium was found on the central fleshy part and ranged between 3,214 and 4,419. The P content was found mostly on the bones and it range between 28,833 and 34,726. The least phosphor amount was found on the central fleshy part. While the Cd content ranges between 0.019 ppm and 0.104 mg/kg, Cr content changed between 1.32 and 4.20 ppm.Öğe Mineral contents of traditional breads enriched with floral honey(NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR, 2016) Al-Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Harmankaya, MustafaThe micro - and macro-element contents of bread with honey were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Molibden (Mo), cadmium (Cd), crom (Cr) and nickel (Ni) contents of breads were found that 1 mg/Kg. B contents of breads was determined between 2.54 mg/Kg to 3.83 mg/Kg. It was found partly high according to control group. Zinc (Zn) contents of breads ranged from 6.89 to 9.29 mg/Kg. Calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) in breads were established as the macro-element. Ca contents of breads changed between 247 to 366 mg/Kg. The highest Ca content was found at bread with honey 15%. Fe (except 15%), K (except 15%), Mg, Mn, phosphours (P) and S contents of breads were generally decreased with increasing of honey concentrations. While K contents of breads with honey change between 1402 mg/Kg to 1570 mg/Kg, P contents of samples ranged from 835 to 1203 mg/Kg.Öğe Orta Anadolu bölgesinde toprakların ve buğdayın selenyum düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve selenyum gübrelemesine farklı buğday genotiplerinin tepkisinin araştırılması(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2009) Harmankaya, Mustafa; Gezgin, SaitSelenyum bitki gelişimi için gerekli olmamakla birlikte insan ve hayvan sağlığı açısından bitkilerdeki ve bitkisel kökenli gıdalardaki miktarı önemlidir. İnsanlarda Se eksikliğinin ana nedeni olarak, tüketilen gıdaların (özellikle buğdayın) Se bakımından fakir olması gösterilmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu tez kapsamında tarama çalışması ile Orta Anadolu Bölgesinden seçilmiş illerin (Konya, Niğde, Nevşehir) toprak ve buğdaylarının Se içerikleri ve Orta Anadolu Bölgesinde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğday genotiplerinin selenyuma tepkileri bir sera denemesi ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca topraklarda bitkilerce alınabilen Se miktarını belirleyen ve yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yöntem bulunmaması nedeniyle, bu çalışmada topraklardaki bitkilerce alınabilir Se miktarını belirlemede kullanılabilecek değişik Se ekstraksiyon yöntemleri denenmiş ve incelenen ekstraksiyon yöntemleri içinde, bitki veya tanedeki Se miktarıyla en kuvvetli ilişkiyi gösteren ekstraksiyon çözeltisi tespit edilmiştir. Konya, Niğde ve Nevşehir illerinden toplanan 173 adet toprak örneğinin bitkiye elverişli Se konsantrasyonunun 0.56-9.76 µg kg-1 arasında değiştiği ve ortalama 2.25 µg kg-1 olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu topraklar üzerinde yetişen buğday bitkilerinden toplanan tane örneklerinin Se konsantrasyonunun da ortalama 24.31 µg kg-1 olduğu ve 10.13-96.01 µg kg-1 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Bu değerler insan sağlığı açısından buğday tanesinde olması arzu edilen en düşük değerin (100 µg Se kg-1) çok altında bulunmuştur. Bunun yanında örneklerin %68'inde Se konsantrasyonunun ortalama 24.31 µg kg-1'ın bile altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Selenyuma gösterdikleri tepkiler bakımından hem ekmeklik, hemde makarnalık buğday genotipleri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Ancak bu farklılıkların, buğday tanesindeki selenyum konsantrasyonunu artırmak amacıyla yapılacak ıslah programlarında söz konusu buğday genotiplerini kullanmak için yetersiz ve çok düşük düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Sera koşullarında 1 ve 5 mg kg-1 Se uygulamasıyla ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğday genotiplerinin dokularında hem insan ve hayvan sağlığı açısından, hemde bitkiler için toksik seviyelerde Se birikimi olmuştur. Dokulardaki toksik düzeyde Se birikimi nedeniyle genellikle bütün genotiplerin yeşil aksam ve tane verimi azalmıştır. Bunun yanında 0.2 mg kg-1 Se uygulamasıyla buğday genotiplerinin verim değerleri genellikle olumsuz yönde etkilenmemiş olmakla birlikte tane Se konsantrasyonu bütün genotiplerde insan ve hayvan sağlığı açısından buğday tanesinde olması istenen (100-1000 µg Se kg-1) seviyenin çok üzerinde olmuştur. Topraklardaki bitkilerce alınabilir Se miktarını belirlemede kullanılabilecek değişik Se ekstraksiyon yöntemleri içinde, bitki veya tanedeki Se miktarıyla en iyi uyumu, 0.1 M KH2PO4 extraksiyon yöntemi göstermiştir.Öğe Relationships Between Protein Content and Chemical Compositions of Local Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes Grown in Turkey(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2009) Harmankaya, Mustafa; Karadas, Serdar; Palta, Cetin; Ceyhan, ErcanIn present study, bean local genotypes grown in the Central Anatolian Province of Turkey have been analyzed to determine and compare their protein and mineral contents. Statistically significant variations were found amongst the genotypes for all variables. The protein and minerals analyzed for all bean genotypes show that protein varies 18.33 to 23.67 %, potassium from 963.3 to 1140 mg/100 g, phosphorus from 310.9 to 423.9 mg/100 g, calcium from 125.1 to 322.0 mg/100 g, magnesium from 90.25 to 105.9 mg/100 g, sulfur from 136.6 to 181.3 mg/100 g, sodium from 25.47 to 45.17 mg/100 g, manganese from 1.70 to 3,27 mg/100 g, iron from 3.84 to 8.41 mg/100 g and zinc from 2.09 to 2.85 mg/100 g. Positive and significant relationships were found statistically between protein and potassium, protein and phosphorus, protein and magnesium, protein and sulfur and protein and iron. The results show that bean genotypes can serve as a significant source of protein and minerals to meet the demand of populations living in Turkey.