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Öğe Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Lupinus Mutabilis L. Using Shoot Apical Explants(Polish Academy of Sciences, 2000) Babaoğlu, Mehmet; McCabe, Matthew S.; Power, J. Brian; Davey, Michael R.A procedure for regenerating plants of Lupinus mutabilis from shoot apices, from which the leaf primordia and initial cell layer(s) of the apical meristem were removed, has been used to generate transgenic plants following Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene delivery. Transformation competent cells, from which buds developed, were located at the periphery of the apical meristem. Kanamycin resistant plants were obtained which expressed ?-glucuronidase activity. Integration of the neomycin phosphotransferase II and ?-glucuronidase genes into the genomes of transgenic plants was confirmed by nonradioactive DNA-DNA hybridisation. This is the first report of the generation of transgenic plants in L. mutabilis.Öğe Boron Content of Cultivated Soils in Central-Southern Anatolia and Its Relationship with Soil Properties and Irrigation Water Quality(Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ, 2002) Gezgin, Sait; Dursun, Nesim; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Önder, Mustafa; Sade, Bayram; Topal, Ali; Soylu, Süleyman; Akgün, Necdet; Yorgancılar, Mustafa; Ceyhan, Ercan; Çiftçi, Nizamettin; Acar, Bilal; Gültekin, İrfan; Işık, Yusuf; Cevdet, Şeker; Babaoğlu, MehmetBoron toxicity may occur in semi-arid regions due to high levels of B in soils, in the ground water, in fertilisers or in irrigation water (U.S. Salinity Lab. Staff, 1954; Nable et al., 1997). Boron availability is affected by soil properties, principally pH, salt content, organic matter, lime, soil texture and exchangeable cations (Keren and Bingham, 1985; Sakal and Singh, 1995; Rahmatullah et al, 1999). According to Wilcox and Durum (1967), the minimum B concentration in irrigation water for a given crop species that does not reduce yield or lead to injury (symptoms) ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 mg B I¹ for sensitive crops, to 1.0 to 2.0 mgl¹ for semi-tolerant crops, and 2.0 to 4.0 mgl¹ for tolerant plant species.Öğe Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration of the Endemic Astragalus Nezaketae in Turkey(Univ Catolica De Valparaiso, 2010) Erişen, Semiha; Yorgancılar, Mustafa; Atalay, Emine; Babaoğlu, Mehmet; Duran, AhmetA callus induction and plant regeneration protocol was developed from leaf and petiole explants of the endemic Astragalus nezaketae. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) [a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin (Kin), thidiazuron (TDZ)]. The combinations and concentrations of PGRs were shown significant variations for the frequency of callus formation, appearence of callus and the potential of callus differentiation. NAA x BA have been found highly affective in callusing and plant regeneration. Other PGRs have not resulted in callus differentiation for shoot formation. The highest number of shoots (6/explants) was obtained from leaf explants cultured on MS with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 4 mg/l BA. The regenerated shoots transferred to rooting medium (MS with 0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid) were successfully rooted (100%) and showed rapid elongation. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing 1:1 mixture of peat and perlite.Öğe Diallel cross analysis in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.): identification of best parents for some kernel physical features(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2004) Topal, Ali; Aydın, Cevat; Akgün, Necdet; Babaoğlu, MehmetA complete diallel cross study of three local populations (Ahmet, Dalli and Iri) and one cultivar (Cakmak-79) of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) was carried out with parents and F, progeny, to determine heterotic patterns, correlations, heritability and combining ability of various kernel physical features. The relative importance of additive vs. non-additive genetic effects was also determined. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) components of variance were significant for all of the features examined, but reciprocal effects (RE) were significant only for kernel projected area (KPA) and kernel rupture strength (KRS). GCA effects were dominant for kernel length (KL), KPA, kernel sphericity (KS) and thousand kernel weight (TKW). The magnitude of GCA variance was more pronounced than SCA variance for all these features. However, SCA effects were dominant for kernel width (KW), kernel height (KH) and KRS. KRS, an important parameter during sowing, harvest and milling, had significantly positive linear correlations with KL, KH, KPA and TKW and negative correlations with KS. TKW in durum wheat can be increased by selecting progenies with high KL, KH and KPA values whereas the opposite is true with higher KW and KS values. Accordingly, the parent Iri used in this study appears to be a suitable donor in breeding programs where improved kernel physical features are desired. Path and stepwise regression analyses revealed that KH has been the major feature in increasing TKW due to its high direct effect on this feature. On the other hand, KW and KS were the main features directly contributing to higher KRS values. It is suggested that early selection of breeding lines with respect to higher KH and to higher KW and KS should help breeders to improve cultivars with better KRS and TKW values, respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Interactions Amongst Grain Variables in Various Dwarf Dry Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Cultivars(Blackwell Wissenschafts-verlag Gmbh, 2001) Önder, Mustafa; Babaoğlu, MehmetCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important leguminous crop. Seed variables such as protein, oil, cellulose, ash, nitrogen-free extract, testa and moisture contents and the thousand-seed weights of seven bean cultivars currently cultivated in Turkey, namely, A-111 Pinto, Cah, Yunus-90, Eskisehir-855, Sehirali-90, Karacasehir-90 and Romano, were analysed in the laboratory with respect to their effects on the quality of bean seed grown under Central Anatolian ecological conditions. Statistically significant variations were found by ANOVA amongst the cultivars for all the variables examined, except the ash content of the seeds, and different groups were obtained by Duncan's multiple range test. Correlations amongst the variables as well as their direct and indirect effects on protein content were also calculated using the correlation and path coefficients analyses, respectively.Öğe Konya ekolojik şartlarında üç tahıl cinsinde (Triticale spp, Triticum spp, Hordeum spp) apex gelişimi ile verim komponentleri arasındaki ilişkiler üzerine bir araştırma(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1990) Babaoğlu, Mehmet; Mülayim, MevlütKonya Ekolojik şartlarında yapılan bu çalışma; 2 adet triticale hattı, bir ekmeklik, bir makarnalık buğday ve bir adet de arpa çeşidi üzerinde yürütülmüş olup bu 5 farklı genotip de büyüme konisinin (apex) gelişiminin bazı verim komponentleri ve bu verim komponentleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. ' Kuru şartlarda yapılan tek yıllık bu araştırma sonuçlarına göre; verim komponentleri ve özellikle tane verimleri bakımından diğer genotiplerden istatistiki açıdan önemli farklılıklar gösteren Gerek -79 buğday ve LT/544/S4 triticale çeşit ve hatlarında gelişme dönemlerinin zamanlaması bakımın dan benzerlikler ortaya çıkmış, yaprak taslakları dönemleri diğer çeşitlerden daha kısa, buna karşılık başak taslağı ve başak gelişmesi dönemleri daha uzun olarak bulunmuştur. Arpanın ise buğday ve triticalelere göre daha erken gelişme gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Başak taslağı ve başak gelişim dönemlerinin uzun olması elde edilecek tane veriminin yüksek olmasının bir göstergesi olabilmektedir.Öğe Mechanisms of Boron Tolerance and Accumulation in Plants: a Physiological Comparison of the Extremely Boron-Tolerant Plant Species, Puccinellia Distans, with the Moderately Boron-Tolerant Gypsophila Arrostil(AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2010) Stiles, Amanda R.; Bautista, David; Atalay, Emine; Babaoğlu, Mehmet; Terry, NormanThe physiological characteristics of the extremely boron (B)tolerant plant species, Puccinellia distans, were compared with those of the moderately tolerant Gypsophila arrostil, two species collected from a B-mining area of Eskisehir, Turkey. Boron was supplied to plants hydroponically at B concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 50 mg B/L for G. arrostil, and from 0.5 to 2000 mg B/L for P. distans. The results show that P. distans has a strikingly greater tolerance to B than G. arrostil. While G. arrostil was unable to survive B supply concentrations greater than 50 mg B/L, P. distans grew at B supply concentrations exceeding 1250 mg B/L. Our research supports the conclusion that from 0.5 to 50 mg B/L, P. distans is better able to restrict the accumulation of B in the whole plant, and the transport of B from root to shoot, than G. arrostil. We propose that P. distans uses several strategies to achieve B tolerance including the ability to restrict the accumulation of B relative to its accumulation of biomass, the ability to restrict the transport of B from root to shoot, and, to a lesser extent, the ability to tolerate high concentrations of B in its shoot and root tissues.Öğe Prolific Shoot Regeneration of Astragalus Cariensis Boiss(Springer, 2010) Erişen, Semiha; Yorgancılar, Mustafa; Atalay, Emine; Babaoğlu, MehmetProlific shoot regeneration via organogenesis was induced from leaf and leaf petiole explants of the endemic Astragalus cariensis species on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzyladenine (BA) within 8 week. The highest number of shoots (23/explants) was obtained from leaf explants cultured on MS with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 4 mg/l BA. Elongated shoots were successfully rooted in MS medium with 0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing 1:1 mixture of peat and perlite.Öğe Protoplast Isolation in Lupin (Lupinus Mutabilis Sweet): Determination of Optimum Explant Sources and Isolation Conditions(2000) Babaoğlu, MehmetEffects of cultural factors on the yield, viability and division of protoplasts were investigated in Lupinus mutabilis Sweet containing a high protein content as well as a reasonable oil content which may make this species an alternative crop to soybean in Turkey. Explants from different in vitro seedling parts were evaluated on the suitability of protoplast isolation and viability. Leaf mesophyll was the most suitable tissue as a protoplast source. Pectinases as well as cellulases were essential for the isolation of protoplasts. Nine percent (w/v) mannitol was suitable to stabilise osmotic pressure together with low salt concentrations in washing and isolation solutions while 9% (w/v) glucose gave better results in culture medium. Shoot tip protoplasts exhibited a higher viability than other protoplast sources. Prolonged viability was observed when protoplasts were cultured in low density media. Techniques such as nurse cultures and electro-stimulation were ineffective. Sustained division of protoplasts in lupin (all sources) was not possible. However, techniques applied in this study may help other researchers, especially those studying protoplast culture of recalcitrant plant species, as well as further studies on this species.Öğe Responses of Irrigated Durum and Bread Wheat Cultivars to Boron Application in a Low Boron Calcareous Soil(Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2005) Soylu, Süleyman; Sade, Bayram; Topal, Ali; Akgün, Necdet; Gezgin, Sait; Hakkı, Erdoğan Eşref; Babaoğlu, MehmetCereals are sensitive to micronutrient problems. Central Anatolian soils show great variation with respect to both deficiency and toxicity of boron (B). Hence, screening of major wheat cultivars grown in the region with respect to their sensitivity to B is of great importance for the area. Six durum (Triticum durum L. cvs. Kiziltan-91, Ç-1252, Selçuklu-97, Kunduru- 1 149, Yilmaz-98 and Çakmak-79) and 6 bread (Triticum aestivum L. cvs., Gün-91, Kinaci-97, Gölksu-99, Türkmen, Bezostaja-1 and Sultan-95) wheat cultivars were studied in field experiments for their responses to B application when grown in soils low in extractable B (0.19 mg 8 kg-1) during the 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 growing seasons. Agronomic characteristics such as grain yield, sterility, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per m2, thousand kernel weight and flag leaf B concentration were investigated as affected by the application of 3 kg B ha-1 as a spray of boric acid (H3BO3,) to soil. Agronomic characteristics of bread and durum wheat cultivars varied remarkably with the application of B, its deficiency in the soil, and seasonal conditions. B application increased the grain yield by 9.6% on average in durum wheat and by 10.9% in bread wheat. Kiziltan-91 and Yilmaz-98 among durum wheat cultivars, and Gün-91 and Bezostaja-1 among bread wheat cultivars were the most sensitive to B deficiency having the highest grain yields when treated with B. On the other hand, Ç-1252 and Çakmak-79 (durum wheat), Kinaci-97 and Sultan-95 (bread wheat) showed tolerance to B deficiency since their high yield capacities were not affected by B deficiency. This study revealed that B deficiency can depress the yield in cereals to a great extent. Soil B analyses before the cultivation of cereals are, therefore, required to prevent yield losses. In addition, cultivars showing tolerance to B deficiency can be used in breeding programs aiming at the development of B-efficient cultivars.Öğe Studies on Differential Response of Spring Canola Cultivars to Boron Toxicity(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2010) Öztürk, Ömür; Soylu, Süleyman; Ada, Rahim; Gezgin, Sait; Babaoğlu, MehmetAlthough many states recommend boron (B) fertilizer for many field crops, information about B toxicity of canola is lacking. This experiment was carried out at Central Anatolia, Turkey from 2002 to 2003, to determine genotypic range in B efficiency of eight spring canola cultivars, to identify the B-inefficient cultivars and to identify specific responses. The cultivars were grown under B moderate deficiency (extractable B 0.56 mg kg-1) and toxic B applied (15 kg B ha-1) conditions. According to the results, seed yield varied significantly among the cultivars and B application decreased the seed yield by 31% on average. Also, toxic B application reduced protein and oil contents similar to seed yield, and increased leaf B concentration in all varieties. This study has shown that leaf B concentration has increased considerably when B is applied to Pactol and Star cultivars, but seed yield of +B and -B has not shown significantly a change. It is possible to say that Star and Pactolwhich have not been affected by the toxic B applicationare genotypes that are tolerant to B toxicity and may be cultivated at B toxic lands.Öğe Sweet White Lupins Versus Local Bitter Genotype: Agronomic Characteristics as Affected by Different Planting Densities in the Goller Region of Turkey(Elsevier Science Bv, 2002) Mülayim, M.; Tamkoç, A.; Babaoğlu, MehmetA 2-year study was conducted to determine optimum planting density and its effects on some agronomic characteristics of a local bitter Lupinus albus L. genotype (land race) and two sweet cultivars, namely Amiga and Lolita as new germplasms, which may offer advantages over currently grown local genotype in the Destigin district (37degrees59' N, 31degrees25' E) of Konya region, Turkey. Seeds of three genotypes were sown in combinations, at three different row spacing (15, 20 and 25 cm) and three row distances (9, 12 and 15 cm) (minimum 27 to maximum 74 plants m(-2)) in an experimental design of split-split plots of randomised complete blocks with three replications during the spring seasons of 1993 and 1994. The highest seed yield was obtained from the local bitter genotype with a low planting density of 15 x 9 cm, row spacing x row distance, respectively. Sweet cultivars were out yielded by the local genotype in almost every characteristic such as seed yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod except thousand seed weight. Additionally, the land race was more resistant to wilting disease, Fusarium sp., which severely affected seed yield, especially in 1993. The relationships between planting density and agronomic characteristics seem to be highly influenced by the cultivar, year and climatic conditions. The local genotype was least affected by environmental conditions, with sweet cultivars showing cultivar x year interactions significantly affecting the yield components. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Yield and Yield Attributes of Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) as Affected by Boron Application(Kluwer Academic/plenum Publ, 2002) Topal, Ali; Gezgin, Sait; Akgün, Necdet; Dursun, Nesim; Babaoğlu, Mehmet[Abstract not Available]Öğe Yield and yield attributes of durum wheat genotypes as affected by boron application in boron-dericient calcareous soils: An evaluation of major Turkish genotypes for boron efficiency(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2004) Soylu, Süleyman; Topal, Ali; Sade, Bayram; Akgün, Necdet; Gezgin, Sait; Babaoğlu, MehmetField studies were conducted to determine yield and yield attributes of six durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes namely; Kiziltan-91, C-1252, Selcuklu-97, Kunduru-1149, Yilmaz-98, and Cakmak-79, as affected by applications of different levels of boron (B) (0, 1, 3, and 9 kg B ha(-1) delivered as boric acid, H3BO3) in soils deficient in available B (0.19 mg B kg(-1)) and high in lime (CaCO3) content (20.7%) during two consecutive growing seasons; 2000-2001 and 2001-2002. Agronomic characteristics such as grain yields, spike sterility rates, number of grains per spike, number of spikelets per spike, number of spikes per in, grain weight per spike, thousand grain weights, test weights, and flag leaf B concentration were investigated. Grain yields in all genotypes were significantly increased by B applications compared to the control. Applications of 1 and 3 kg B ha(-1) increased yield an average of 11 and 9% respectively, while 9 kg B ha(-1) resulted in lower overall yield increase (7%). Genotypes studied have shown significant variations with respect to their responses to additional B. Kunduru-1149 and Cakmak-79 gave the highest grain yield (4080 and 4315 kg ha(-1) respectively) at 1 kg B ha(-1), whereas Kiziltan-91 and Yilmaz-98 yielded best (4475 and 5010 kg ha(-1) respectively) at 3 kg B ha(-1). Interestingly, other two genotypes, C-1252 and Selcuklu-97, reached to the highest level of grain yield (4320 and 4360 kg ha(-1) respectively) at the highest B level (9 kg ha(-1)). Yield attributes also showed significant variations with respect to their responses to B application. Kiziltan-91 and Kunduru- 1149 appeared to have high sensitivity to B deficiency. On the other hand, Cakmak-79 and Selcuklu-97 were B deficiency tolerant genotypes. The study clearly showed that B deficiency could result in significant yield losses in durum wheat under experimental conditions tested. Hence, B contents of soils for the cultivation of durum wheat should be analyzed in advance to devoid of yield losses. Plant tissue analyses can also result in grain yield predictions. Genotypes proven as tolerant/sensitive to high/low B levels may offer valuable genetic materials for use in B-related breeding programs. Considering relationships between flag leaf B concentrations and grain yield, it was clear that when climatic conditions (second year) suit wheat cultivation, B application in B-deficient soils can make profound contributions to grain yield in wheat compared to adverse climatic conditions (first year). Clear positive contribution of B application to grain yield in durum wheat can be more evident under better climatic conditions.
