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Öğe Asphodeline Cilicica Tuzlaci: From the Plant to Its Most Active Part Extract and Its Broad Bioactive Properties(ELSEVIER, 2019) Zengin, Gökhan; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Mocan, Andrei; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Picot, Carene M. N.; Mahomoodally, Mohamad FawziThis study investigated into the polyphenolic content, antioxidant and enzyme (a-amylase, a-glucosidase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase [AChE], and butyrylcholinesterase [BChE]) inhibitory activities of 12 extracts of the endemic Asphodeline cilicica (AC) Tuzlaci, from Turkey. The total phenolic content for the methanol and acetone extracts of AC roots were 56.52 and 52.96 mg GAEs/g extract, respectively. Both the acetone and methanol extracts of AC roots exhibited an important antioxidant capacity. Likewise, the acetone and methanol extracts of AC roots revealed to be the most potent scavengers of DPPH radical (58.25 and 58.78 mg TEs/g extract). Acetone extract of AC roots inhibited a-amylase showing an acarbose equivalent value (mmol ACAEs/g extract) of 0.27, while against a-glucosidase the value recorded was 2.30. The acetone and methanol extracts of the different plant parts of AC inhibited AChE and BChE, while no/poor activity was noted for the water extracts. In the present study, extracts of AC showed inhibitory activity against key enzymes involved in diabetes and neurodegenerative complications, thereby advocating for the need for in-depth studies geared towards the discovery of pharmacophores from this endemic plant. (c) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Bioactive compounds in seaweeds: An overview of their biological properties and safety(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2020) Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah; Zengin, Gökhan; Xiao, Jianbo; Kim, Doo HwanSeaweeds are among the significant currently exploited marine plant resources which are gaining full applications in culinary, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological processes. Much attention has been devoted to seaweeds based on their proven health benefits and is considered as a rich source of structurally different bioactive metabolites for the discovery of novel functional food-based pharmacophores/drugs. Nonetheless, there is still a dearth of updated compilation and analysis of the in-depth pharmacological activities of these compounds. This review, therefore, aims to provide a piece of up-to-date detailed information on the major compounds isolated from various seaweed species together with their in-vitro and in-vivo biological properties. These compounds were found to possess broad pharmacological properties and inhibitory enzyme activities against critical enzymes involved in the aetiology of noncommunicable diseases. However, their toxicity, clinical efficacy, mechanisms of action, and interaction with conventional foods, are still less explored and require more attention in future studies.Öğe Chemical profile, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties of two Scutellaria species: S-orientalis L. and S-salviifolia Benth(WILEY, 2019) Zengin, Gökhan; Llorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Molina-Garcia, Lucia; Fernandez-de Cordova, Maria Luisa; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Uysal, Şengül; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah; Bahadori, Mir Babak; Mahomoodally, Mohamad FawziObjectives This study investigates into the biological effects of solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of Scutellaria orientalis L. and Scutellaria salviifolia Benth. based on its enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidant ability together with the screening of bioactive compounds. Methods Total and individual bioactive components were determined using spectrophotometric and HPLC-ESI-MS methods. Six antioxidant assays were conducted and enzyme inhibition was tested against key enzymes linked to the pathology of common chronic disorders. Key findings Results revealed that the aqueous extracts of both plants exerted better 2,2 '-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The methanol extracts showed highest tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant activity in phosphomolybdenum assay while the less polar ethyl acetate extracts showed better acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and alpha-amylase inhibition. Phytochemical evaluation by HPLC-ESI-MS revealed the presence of high amounts of flavones. Conclusions Scutellaria orientalis and S. salviifolia are important sources of bioactive agents that warrants further studies.Öğe Marine algae: A potential resource of anti-HSV molecules(MDPI, 2019) Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Lobine, Devina; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj; Tewari, Devesh; Zengin, Gökhan; Kim, Doo Hwan; Sivanesan, IyyakkannuHerpes simplex viruses (HSVs) are common human pathogens belonging to the subfamily alpha-herpesvirinae that trigger severe infections in neonates and immunocompromised patients. After primary infection, the HSVs establish a lifelong latent infection in the vegetative neural ganglia of their hosts. HSV infections contribute to substantial disease burden in humans as well as in newborns. Despite a fair number of drugs being available for the treatment of HSV infections, new, effective, and safe antiviral agents, exerting different mechanisms of action, are urgently required, mainly due to the increasing number of resistant strains. Accumulating pieces of evidence have suggested that structurally diverse compounds from marine algae possess promising anti-HSV potentials. Several studies have documented a variety of algal polysaccharides possessing anti-HSV activity, including carrageenan and fucan. This review aimed to compile previous anti-HSV studies on marine algae-derived compounds, especially sulfated polysaccharides, along with their mode of action, toward their development as novel natural anti-HSV agents for future investigations.Öğe Parentucellia latifolia subsp. latifolia: A potential source for loganin iridoids by HPLC-ESI-MSn technique(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2019) Llorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Fernandez-de Cordova, Maria Luisa; Zengin, Gökhan; Bahadori, Mir Babak; Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Mahomoodally, Mohamad FawziThis study attempts to compare the pharmaceutical potential (antioxidant and key enzyme inhibition of clinical relevance) of organic and aqueous extracts of Parentucellia latifolia (L) Caruel subsp. latifolia (L) Caruel as well as phytochemical composition. The phytochemical compounds were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods (for total amounts) and HPLC-ESI-DAD-MSn (for individual compounds). The extracts were screened for antioxidant abilities by in vitro assays. Inhibition effects were also investigated against a set of enzymes linked to major health problems. Generally, the methanol (MeOH) and aqueous extracts displayed higher scavenging abilities on radicals and reductive effects when compared with the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract. On the other hand, the EtOAc extract was the most active inhibitor on cholinesterases (1.81-1.88 mg GALAE/g), amylase (0.70 mmol ACAE/g), glucosidase (2.85 mmol ACAE/g) and lipase (33.24 mg OE/g). The highest TPC was observed in the aqueous extract (25.07 mg GAE/g) while MeOH extract possessed the highest level of TFC (44.15 mg RE/g) and TPAC (3.46 mg CE/g). LCMSn metabolite profiling indicated that loganin and its isomers, rutin, and luteolin-O-hexoside were the most abundant compounds. Our results suggest that P. latifolia may be valuable source of phyto-agents for the management of noncommunicable diseases. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Phenolic profile and pharmacological propensities of Gynandriris sisyrinchium through in vitro and in silico perspectives(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018) Zengin, Gökhan; Mollica, Adrian; Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Mahomoodally, Mohamad FawziGynandriris sisyrinchiwn is a traditionally used medicinal plant, yet there is a dearth of scientific information on its biological potential and polyphenolic profile. In this endeavour, we aimed to assess and compare the biological properties of different extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of G. sisyrinchiwn based on enzyme inhibitory effects coupled with docking studies and antioxidant ability together with screening of bioactive compounds. Polyphenolic composition was assessed by determining total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content as well as individual phenolic compounds by RP-HPLC-DAD. The antioxidant properties were determined by different assays including free radical scavenging (ABTS and DPPH), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating. The enzyme inhibitory activities of the extracts were evaluated for the first time against cholinesterases, tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase. Docking studies were performed to elucidate the interactions of phenolic compounds with the enzymes. Results show that the methanol extract exerted better scavenging, reducing, tyrosinase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities while the less polar ethyl acetate extract showed better phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating activity, AChE, BChE, and alpha-amylase inhibition. The most abundant compounds were apigenin (4224 and 1876 mu g/g extract in the methanolic and ethyl acetate extract, respectively), benzoic acid (1870 mu g/g extract in the methanolic extract), pcoumaric acid (472 mu g/g extract in the methanolic extract), and quercetin (348 mu g/g extract in the methanolic extract). The present findings suggest that G. sisyrinchiwn can be considered as a potential source of bioactive compounds for novel phytopharmaceuticals development in the treatment and/or management of non communicable diseases.Öğe The role of flavonoids in autoimmune diseases: Therapeutic updates(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2019) Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Khan, Haroon; Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj; Lagoa, Ricardo J. L.; Mahomoodally, Fawzi M.; Khan, Ziyad; Suroowan, Shanoo; Tewari, Devesh; Zengin, Gökhan; Hassan, Sherif T.S.; Pandian, Shunmugiah KaruthaFlavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds which are included in a panoply of drugs and used to treat and/or manage human ailments such as metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological disorders and cancer. Thus, the purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of flavonoids for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and put into the limelight of the scientific community several health-promoting effects of flavonoids which could be beneficial for the development of novel drugs from natural products. Despite available reviews on flavonoids targeting various disease conditions, a comprehensive review of flavonoids for autoimmune diseases is still lacking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to review the potential of flavonoids for autoimmune diseases. The structure-activity relationship of flavonoids in this review revealed that the rearrangement and introduction of other functional groups into the basic skeleton of flavonoids might lead to the development of new drugs which will be helpful in relieving the painful symptoms of various autoimmune diseases. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Traditional and modern uses of onion bulb (Allium cepa L.): A systematic review(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2019) Teshika, Joaheer D.; Zakariyyah, Aumeeruddy M.; Zaynab, Toorabally; Zengin, Gökhan; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Pandian, Shunmugiah Karutha; Fawzi, Mahomoodally MohamadOnion, (Allium cepa L.), is one of the most consumed and grown vegetable crops in the world. Onion bulb, with its characteristic flavor, is the third most essential horticultural spice with a substantial commercial value. Apart from its culinary virtues, A. cepa is also used traditionally for its medicinal virtues in a plethora of indigenous cultures. Several publications have been produced in an endeavor to validate such traditional claims. Nonetheless, there is still a dearth of up-to-date, detailed compilation, and critical analysis of the traditional and ethnopharmacological propensities of A. cepa. The present review, therefore, aims to systematically review published literature on the traditional uses, pharmacological properties, and phytochemical composition of A. cepa. A. cepa was found to possess a panoply of bioactive compounds and numerous pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-hypertensive, and immunoprotective effects. Although a large number of in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted, several limitations and research gaps have been identified which need to be addressed in future studies.Öğe Utilisation of Rhododendron luteum Sweet bioactive compounds as valuable source of enzymes inhibitors, antioxidant, and anticancer agents(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2020) Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Sieniawska, Elwira; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Picot-Allain, Marie Carene Nancy; Yerlikaya, Şerife; Baloğlu, Mehmet Cengiz; Altunoğlu, Yasemin Çelik; Şenkardeş, İsmail; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Zengin, GökhanEthnobotanical evidences report the use of Rhododendron luteum Sweet (Ericaceae) in traditional medicinal systems. However, R. luteum has been associated to the occurrence of 'mad honey' poisoning. In the present study, the ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of R. luteum were investigated for their in vitro antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic properties. The cytotoxicity of R. luteum extracts on A549 lung cancer cell line was evaluated using MTT cell viability assay. Besides, HPLC-ESI-MSn approach was employed to elucidate the secondary metabolite profiles of R. luteum in order to establish any structure-activity relationship. Methanol and water extracts of R. luteum possessed highest radical scavenging and reducing properties while the ethyl acetate extract showed highest metal chelating properties. In terms of enzyme inhibition, the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of R. luteum, possessing epigallocatechin, were active inhibitors of cholinesterase enzymes, a-glucosidase, and tyrosinase. Water extract caused growth inhibition of A549 cells with 207.2 mu g/ml IC50 value. Though R. luteum has received little scientific attention due to the occurrence of grayanotoxins in the plant, however, data presented in this work shows promising biological activity of R. luteum and highlighted its role as a potential source of antioxidant and key enzyme inhibitors.
