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Öğe Asetilsalisilik Asit ve Vitamin C Kombinasyonunun Sığır Nötrofil Fonksiyonlarına Etkilerinin İn Vitro Şartlarda İncelenmesi(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 1998) Baş, Ahmet Levent; Başpınar, Nuri; Elmas, Muammer; Haliloğlu, Seyfullah; Yazar, EnverIn Ihis study, the effects ol combination of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and vitamin C at dilferenl doses on lunctions of bovine neuırophils (polymorphonuclear leucocytelPMNl), and the elfacts of dillerent ASA concenırations on accumulation of vitamin C in neutrophils were investigated. Neutrophils were obtained from six heatthy Holstein· heifers in University Dairy Herd. Phagocytic and microbicidal activity of PMNl were measured with fluorescent mic· roscopic technlque and intracellular vitamin C levels were detenııined by spectrophotometer. Inlracellular vitamin C le· vels were incerased by combination of ASA and vitamin C al different corıcentrations, bul this increase was not sta· tistically significanl. Furthenııore, phagocytic and microbicidal activity of PMNl were not statistically changed by these combinations.Öğe ASSESSMENT OF THE CARDIOTOXICITY OF TULATHROMYCIN IN RABBITS(AKADEMIAI KIADO ZRT, 2011) Er, Ayse; Altan, Feray; Cetin, Gul; Dik, Burak; Elmas, Muammer; Yazar, EnverThe aim of this study was to determine the cardiotoxic potency of tulathromycin. Tulathromycin (10 mg/kg, SC) was administered to ten adult male rabbits, and blood samples were obtained before and after drug administration (0 and 6 hours). Serum cardiac damage markers (troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase), routine serum biochemical values (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gammaglutamyltransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, amylase, total protein, albumin, glucose, calcium, ionised calcium, sodium, potassium), white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, arterial blood gas parameters (pH, partial carbon dioxide pressure, partial oxygen pressure, actual bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide, base excess in vivo, base excess in vitro, oxygen saturation, packed cell volume, haemoglobin) and serum oxidative status (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, retinol, beta-carotene) were measured. Increased levels of troponin I, creatine kinase-MB and creatinine, and decreased WBC counts, ionised calcium and potassium levels were observed after drug administration. Tulathromycin treatment may cause cardiotoxicity, but its effects may be less dramatic than those of other macrolide antibiotics frequently used in veterinary medicine.Öğe Cardiac safety of gamithromycin in ewes(2016) Corum, Orhan; Dik, Burak; Bahcivan, Emre; Eser, Hatice; Er, Ayse; Yazar, EnverAmaç: Bir makrolid antibiyotik olan gamitromisin sığırlarda pasteurellosis tedavisinde önerilmekle birlikte koyunlarda etiket dışı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Makrolid antibiyotiklerin kardiyotoksik etkileri bilinmektedir, ancak gamitromisinin koyunlarda kardiyak güvenilirliği ile ilgili bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Araştırmanın öncelikli amacı koyunlarda gamitromisinin kardiyak güvenilirliğini belirlemektir. Bunun yanı sıra karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyonlarına ve hemogram parametrelerine etkisini tespit etmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada 10 adet koyuna gamitromisin (6 mg/kg, SC) tek doz olarak uygulandı. Kan örnekleri uygulamadan önce (0. gün, kontrol) ve sonraki 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ve 9. günlerde alındı. Spesifik kalp hasar belirteçleri olan serum kreatin kinaz-MB kütle ve troponin I düzeyleri, karaciğer ile böbrek hasar belirteçleri ve hemogram parametreleri ölçüldü. Bulgular: Araştırmada troponin I düzeyinde birinci gün istatistiki olmayan yükselmeler belirlenirken, kreatin kinaz-MB kütle düzeyinde değişimler belirlenmedi. Total bilirubin, total protein, kreatinin ve akyuvar düzeyinde referans değerler arasında istatistiki değişimler belirlendi (P0.05).Öğe Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Tissue Concentrations of Parent Drug and Ciprofloxacin After Intramuscular Administrations of Free and Liposome-encapsulated Enrofloxacin in Rabbits(BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH, 2002) Elmas, Muammer; Yazar, Enver; Baş, A.L.; Traş, Bünyamin; Bayezit, M.; Yapar, K.Pharmacokinetic properties and tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were compared after intramuscular (i.m.) administrations of free and liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin at the dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (bw). Twelve healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were used in the experiment. Blood samples were obtained at 10, 20, 40, 60 and 90 min and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h and tissue samples were collected 24 h after injection. Concentrations of drugs in serum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetics were best described by a two-compartment open model. Results indicated that absorption rate was slow, peak concentration was higher (P<0.05), and the time to peak concentration (t(max) congruent to 1.5 h) was significantly longer (P<0.05) for liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin (LEE) when compared with free enrofloxacin. Values of elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)=12.9 h) and mean residence time (MRT=17.6 h) of liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin were longer (P<0.05) and total clearance (Cl = 0.43 l/h/kg) was lower than those of free form. Moreover, the distribution volume at steady-state (V-d(ss)=14.4 l/kg) of enrofloxacin administered encapsulated into liposomes was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of free enrofloxacin (FE). The tissue levels of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin after LEE injection were not different (P>0.05) from FE. In conclusion, the result of present study suggest that LEE may be a beneficial and valuable formulation in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by sensitive pathogens in animals, providing sustained drug release from injection side and prolonged therapeutic serum concentrations after i.m. administration.Öğe Concentrations of Some Elements in Blood Serum of Angora Goats(Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2006) Yazar, Enver; Altunok, Vahdettin; Eroğlu, TekinThe aim of the study was to determine serum essential trace, macro and industrial element levels of Angora goats according to breed and age differences. Clinically healthy (ages 2-3 and 4-5) female Angora goats of two different breeds (Eskisehir and Lalaban) were used as material at the Lalahan Livestock Research Institute. Serum aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), boron (B), barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), indiurn (In), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), sulfur (S), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn) were measured with an ICP-OES plasma optical atomic emission spectrometer. There were no statistically significant differences found in the different breeds and age groups.Öğe Determination of Intracellular (Neutrophil and Monocyte) Concentrations of Free and Liposome Encapsulated Ampicillin in Sheep(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2006) Yazar, Enver; Baş, Ahmet Levent; Birdane, Yavuz Osman; Yapar, Kürşad; Elmas, Muammer; Traş, BünyaminIn the current study, intracellular ( neutrophil and monocyte) concentrations of free and liposome encapsulated ampicillin in sheep were investigated. Free ampicillin ( 5 mg/kg b.w.) and liposome encapsulated ampicillin ( 5 mg/kg b.w.) were administered as a bolus intravenous injection to sheep. After the injections, blood samples ( 5 ml) were collected into tubes from v. jugularis at 10, 30, 60 minutes and 2, 4 and 8 hours. Neutrophils and monocytes were isolated, and lysed in distilled water. Ampicillin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that liposome encapsulated ampicillin caused the higher intracellular concentrations within neutrophil ( ratio of liposome encapsulated ampicillin/free ampicillin; from 1.393 to 5.416) and monocyte ( ratio of liposome encapsulated ampicillin/free ampicillin; from 0.973 to 2.906) cells than free ampicillin, and liposome encapsulated ampicillin existed a longer length of time within neutrophil ( 4 hours) and monocyte ( 4 hours) cells than free ampicillin ( 60 minutes), as well. This formulation may be beneficial, in that the treatment of intracellular infections are caused by sensitive bacteria.Öğe Determination of Intracellular Concentrations of Free and Two Types of Liposome-Encapsulated Enrofloxacin in Anatolian Shepherd Dog Monocytes(Blackwell Verlag Gmbh, 2002) Baş, Ahmet Levent; Şimşek, Atilla; Çorlu, M.; Yazar, Enver; Elmas, Muammer; Değim, Zeliha GülIn this study, it was evaluated the accumulation of free and two types of liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin (LEE) at the doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mu g/ml, which were clinically relevant concentrations into monocytes of healthy Anatolian shepherd dogs. Enrofloxacin was encapsulated with two different types of liposome in multilamellar large vesicles (MLV). Type A MLV composed of 15 mg egg phosphatidylcholine and 35 mg cholesterol, Type B MLV composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol and enrofloxacin, in a molar ratio of 1 : 1 : 1. The mean sizes of Type A and Type B liposome were found to be 7.65 and 4.27 mu m, respectively. However, the mean encapsulation rate determined of Type A (13 +/- 2%) was found lower than Type B liposome (44 +/- 3%). The amounts of intracellular enrofloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Type B LEE accumulated significantly higher level into monocytes when compared to free drug or Type A liposome. This study showed that Type B LEE markedly concentrated within monocytes and may improve the antibacterial efficacy of the antibiotic.Öğe Detomidinin embriyotoksik doz sınırının in-ovo model ile belirlenmesi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi, 2021) Canbar, Rahmi; Uslu, Muhittin; Tufan, Öznur; Yazar, EnverAmaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı detomidinin embriyotoksik doz sınırının fertil tavuk yumurtası kullanarak in-ovo model ile belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada 210 adet fertil yumurta 7 eşit (n: 30) gruba ayrılarak kuluçka makinasına optimum şartlarda yerleştirildi. Birinci gruba hiçbir uygulama yapılmadı. Diğer gruplardaki yumurtaların hava keselerine inkübasyonun yedinci günü, sırası ile serum fizyolojik, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25 ve 0.625 mg/kg dozlarında detomidin uygulandı. İnkübasyonun 21. günü yumurtalar açılarak malformasyonlar, ölü embriyolar ve fertil olmayan yumurtalar belirlendi. Bulgular: 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 ve 10 mg/kg dozlarında detomidin uygulanan gruplarda sırası ile 3, 2, 4, 6 ve 5 adet ölü embriyo belirlenirken, kontrol ve serum fizyolojik gruplarında ölü embriyo belirlenmedi. Kontrol ve 5 mg/ kg detomidin uygulanan gruplarda birer adet fertil olmayan yumurta belirlenirken, diğer gruplarda fertil olmayan yumurta gözlenmedi. 2.5, 5 ve 10 mg/kg dozlarda detomidin uygulanan gruplarda gözlenen ölüm oranları, kontrol ve serum fizyolojik gruplarından yüksek belirlendi (p<0.05). Öneri: Bu araştırmada kullanılan en küçük dozun hedef türler için önerilen en yüksek dozdan 7.8 kat fazla olduğu dikkate alındığında, embriyonal ölüm açısından normal dozlarda gebe memelilerde güvenli kabul edilebilir. Ancak memeliler için güvenlik katsayısı olarak 100 kat daha düşük doz olması gerektiği düşünüldüğünde, olumsuzlukların da gözlenebileceği dikkate alınmalıdır.Öğe Detomidinin embriyotoksik doz sınırının in-ovo model ile belirlenmesi(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021) Canbar, Rahmi; Uslu, Muhittin; Tufan, Öznur; Yazar, EnverAmaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı detomidinin embriyotoksik doz sınırının fertil tavuk yumurtası kullanarak in-ovo model ile belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada 210 adet fertil yumurta 7 eşit (n: 30) gruba ayrılarak kuluçka makinasına optimum şartlarda yerleştirildi. Birinci gruba hiçbir uygulama yapılmadı. Diğer gruplardaki yumurtaların hava keselerine inkübasyonun yedinci günü, sırası ile serum fizyolojik, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25 ve 0.625 mg/kg dozlarında detomidin uygulandı. İnkübasyonun 21. günü yumurtalar açılarak malformasyonlar, ölü embriyolar ve fertil olmayan yumurtalar belirlendi. Bulgular: 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 ve 10 mg/kg dozlarında detomidin uygulanan gruplarda sırası ile 3, 2, 4, 6 ve 5 adet ölü embriyo belirlenirken, kontrol ve serum fizyolojik gruplarında ölü embriyo belirlenmedi. Kontrol ve 5 mg/ kg detomidin uygulanan gruplarda birer adet fertil olmayan yumurta belirlenirken, diğer gruplarda fertil olmayan yumurta gözlenmedi. 2.5, 5 ve 10 mg/kg dozlarda detomidin uygulanan gruplarda gözlenen ölüm oranları, kontrol ve serum fizyolojik gruplarından yüksek belirlendi (p<0.05). Öneri: Bu araştırmada kullanılan en küçük dozun hedef türler için önerilen en yüksek dozdan 7.8 kat fazla olduğu dikkate alındığında, embriyonal ölüm açısından normal dozlarda gebe memelilerde güvenli kabul edilebilir. Ancak memeliler için güvenlik katsayısı olarak 100 kat daha düşük doz olması gerektiği düşünüldüğünde, olumsuzlukların da gözlenebileceği dikkate alınmalıdırÖğe The Disposition and Milk Levels of Sulfamethoxazole - Trimethoprim Combination After Intrauterine Administration in Lactating Cows During Post-Partum(Indian Veterinary Journal, 2000) Elmas, Muammer; Tras, Bunyamin; Bas, Ahmet levent; Yazar, Enver; Umitli, Seyit; Birdane, Yavuz OsmanThe sulphonamide-trimethoprim combinations are commonly used yia intrauterine administration in the therapy of genital diseases of large animals in Turkey (Elmas et a/., 1999; Kaya, 1998). Several workers have studied the absorption and elimination of various sulphonamidetrimethoprim combinations in different species (Chaudray et al., 1987; Boyd and Allen,,1989;Eimas etal., loc.cit }, However, no pharmacokinetic studies have been carried. out on the use of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) - trimethoprim (TMP) in lactating cows during post-partum. We investigated the disposition of SMZ-TMP combination along with passing ratio to milk following intrauterine bolus administration in cows during, post-partum.Öğe Effect of Combined Application of Ivermectin and Praziquantel on Oxidative Stress and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Sheep(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Mart) Arslan, Mustafa Sedat; Yazar, Enver; Canbar, Rahmi; Uslu, MuhittinAim: Purpose of this research was to determine the combined effect of the oral administration of ivermectin and praziquantel on the oxidative status, liver and kidney function parameters in healthy sheep. Materials and Methods: Ivermectin + praziquantel tablets at the recommended dose (1 tablet/sheep) were administered orally to 18 Anatolian Merino sheep, and blood samples were obtained before administration (day 0) and at 24-hour intervals for 4 days thereafter. Plasma 8-hydroxy2-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were measured with commercial kits using an ELISA reader. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were measured in an autoanalyzer. Results: While the plasma 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels in the first 2 days were higher than the values on the 3rd and 4th days (p<0.05), statistical fluctuations were observed in the plasma glutathione peroxidase levels (p<0.05). An increased level of blood urea nitrogen was present on day 3 compared to day 0 (p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be stated that the recommended dose of ivermectin + praziquantel does not cause oxidative stress and has no significant effect on their liver and kidney function parameters in healthy sheep.Öğe Effect of etanercept on cytokines and 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha concentrations during endotoxemia(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012) Er, Ayşe; Dik, Burak; Altan, Feray; Çetin, Gül; Üney, Kamil; Elmas, Muammer; Yazar, Enver[Abstract not Available]Öğe Effect of flunixin meglumine on cytokine levels in experimental Endotoxemia in mice(WILEY, 2007) Yazar, Enver; Er, Ayşe; Üney, Kamil; Altunok, Vahdettin; Elmas, MuammerIn this study, effect of flunixin meglumine on serum tumour necrosis factor alpha, (TNF alpha) interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 levels was investigated in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic mice. Healthy 273 Balb/C mice were used and divided into three equal groups. Group 1 was injected lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli 0 111:134, 250 mu g/mouse, intraperitoneally), Group 2 was injected flunixin meglumine (2.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously), and Group 3 was injected lipopolysaccharide + flunixin meglumine. After the treatments, at 0., 1., 2., 3., 6., 12., 24th hours and 3., 5., 7. 14., 21., 28th days blood samples were taken from seven mice in each group. Serum TNF alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 levels were measured using commercially available kits by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Flunixin meglumine did not affect the cytokine levels in healthy animals. While lipopolysaccharide increased serum TNF alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 levels, flunixin meglumine inhibited increases at levels of all cytokines. As result, flunixin meglumine showed depressor effect on cytokine levels in endotoxemia and the effect may be a reason for the first chosen member of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug in endotoxemia.Öğe The effect of interferon alpha administration on cytokine levels in sheep(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2020) Coşkun, Devran; İder, Merve; Arslan, Mustafa Sedat; Canbar, Rahmi; Yazar, EnverAmaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, sağlıklı koyunlara parenteral rekombinant insan interferon (rHuIFN)-?2a uygulamasının serum tümör nekroz faktör (TNF)-?, interlöykin (IL)-6 ve IL-10 seviyeleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Ayrıca sağlıklı koyunlarda temel fizyolojik parametreler (vücut ısısı, nabız, solunum hızı), hemogram ve kan gazı parametrelerine etkisini tespit etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 10 Merinos koyuna 9.000.000 IU rHuIFN-?2a deri altı yolla uygulandı. Kan örnekleri uygulamadan önce (0 saat) ve sonra 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 ve 120 saatlerde alındı. Aynı örnekleme zamanlarında vücut ısısı, nabız ve solunum hızı da belirlendi. Serum örneklerinden koyun spesifik TNF-?, IL-6 ve IL-10 seviyeleri ELISA okuyucu ile ölçüldü. Hemogram ve kan gazı parametreleri sırasıyla tam kan hücresi sayım cihazı ve kan gazı analiz cihazında ölçüldü. Bulgular: rHuIFN-?2a uygulaması sonrasında TNF-? ve IL-10 konsantrasyonları 96. saatte pik düzeye (p<0.05) ulaşırken, IL-6 konsantrasyonunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değişim belirlenmedi (p>0.05). Ayrıca vücut ısısı ve pO2 düzeylerinde geçici artışlar (p<0.05) belirlenirken, potasyum ve iyonize kalsiyum seviyelerinde düşmeler (p<0.05) belirlendi. Nabız, akyuvar sayımı, pH, base(ecf) ve sodyum değerlerinde ise istatistiki dalgalanmalar (p<0.05) tespit edildi. Öneri: Koyunlara rHuIFN-?2a uygulamasının immünolojik etkiler gösterebileceği, genel olarak güvenli kabul edilebileceği ve tedavide kullanım için düşünülebileceği ifade edilebilir.Öğe Effect of Phenobarbital on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Blood Gas Parameters in Balb/C Mice(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2001) Demir, O.; Yazar, Enver; Altunok, Vahdettin; Elmas, Muammer; Özdemir, VuralIn this study, effect of Phenobarbital was investigated on antioxidant enzyme activities and blood gas parameters in Balb/C mice. Forty male Balb/C mice were used. Ten mice were served as a control group, and thirty mice were administered phenobarbital (80 mg/kg body weight, orally, single administration). Blood, brain and liver samples were taken at 6, 12 and 24 hours after administration. Brain and liver tissues superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured by spectrophotometry, and blood gas parameters were measured with blood gas analyzer. As results, phenobarbital caused temporary respiratory acidosis and a decrease in brain tissue superoxide dismutase activity.Öğe Effect of Tilmicosin on Cardiac Muscle and Serum Creatine Kinases Activities and Serum Total Protein Level in Healthy Male Balb/C Mice(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2001) Yazar, Enver; Altunok, Vahdettin; Elmas, Muammer; Traş, Bünyamin; Baş, Ahmet Levent; Özdemir, VuralIn this study, the effect of tilmicosin on cardiac muscle and serum creatine kinases activities and serum total protein level was investigated. Forty male Balb/C mice were used as materials. Ten mice were used as a control group, and thirty mice were injected with tilmicosin (25 mg/kg body weight, SC, single injection) and monitored for 3 days. The results obtained in the present study show that use of tilmicosin caused temporary increases in cardiac muscle creatine kinase activity and serum total protein level in male Balb/C mice.Öğe The Effect of Tilmicosin on Cardiac Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities(Blackwell Verlag Gmbh, 2002) Yazar, Enver; Altunok, Vahdettin; Elmas, Muammer; Traş, Bünyamin; Baş, Ahmet Levent; Özdemir, V.In this study, the effect of tilmicosin on cardiac superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities was investigated. Forty male BALB/c mice were used as material. Ten mice served as a control group, and 30 mice were injected with tilmicosin (25 mg/kg body weight. subcutaneously. with a single injection). After drug administration, they were monitored for 3 days. Tilmicosin caused decreases in cardiac superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities.Öğe Effect of Tilmicosin on Serum Creatine Kinase, Creatine Kinase-MB and Troponin I Levels in New Zealand White Rabbits(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh CO, 2002) Yazar, Enver; Birdane, Yavuz Osman; Elmas, Muammer; Traş, Bünyamin; Baş, Ahmet LeventIn this study, the effect of tilmicosin on creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB and troponin I levels were investigated to determine the possible cardiotoxic effect. Ten male White New Zealand rabbits were used as materials and tilmicosin was injected at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, subcutanously, by single injection. Blood samples were taken before the injection (=control) and at 6 hours after injection. Tilmicosin caused increases in creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB and troponin I levels. However, especially histopathological examinations have to be made for fully determination of tilmicosin cardiotoxicity in rabbits.Öğe Effect of Tilmicosin on Serum Cytokine Levels in the Endotoxemia(2009) Uney, Kamil; Er, Ayşe; Avcı, Gülcan; Bülbül, Aziz; Elmas, Muammer; Yazar, EnverAbstract: The effect of tilmicosin on serum cytokine concentrations were investigated in healthy and lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups. Lipopolysaccharide (250 µg, Escherichia coli 0111:B4, intraperitoneally) was injected into the positive control group. The other 2 groups received tilmicosin (20 mg kg, subcutaneously) concurrently without or with lipopolysaccharide. After treatment, serum samples were collected at 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Serum tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and interleukin-10 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lipopolysaccharide increased all cytokine levels in the healthy mice. Tilmicosin slightly induced interleukin-1 production in the healthy mice, while it had no effect on tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-10 productions. However, tilmicosin elevated (p<0.05) tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and interleukin-10 levels in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. In conclusion, these data suggest that tilmicosin stimulates both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines at the dose recommended for infection.Öğe Effect of Tilmicosin on Serum Cytokine Levels in the Endotoxemia(MEDWELL ONLINE, 2009) Uney, Kamil; Er, Ayse; Avci, Gulcan Erbil; Bulbul, Aziz; Elmas, Muammer; Yazar, EnverThe effect of tilmicosin on serum cytokine concentrations were investigated in healthy and lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups. Lipopolysaccharide (250 mu g, Escherichia coli 0111:B4, intraperitoneally) was injected into the positive control group. The other 2 groups received tilmicosin (20 mg kg(-1), subcutaneously) concurrently without or with lipopolysaccharide. After treatment, serum samples were collected at 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Serum tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and interleukin-10 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lipopolysaccharide increased all cytokine levels in the healthy mice. Tilmicosin slightly induced interleukin-1 production in the healthy mice, while it had no effect on tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-10 productions. However, tilmicosin elevated (p<0.05) tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and interleukin-10 levels in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. In conclusion, these data suggest that tilmicosin stimulates both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines at the dose recommended for infection.
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