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Asetilsalisilik Asit ve Vitamin C Kombinasyonunun Sığır Nötrofil Fonksiyonlarına Etkilerinin İn Vitro Şartlarda İncelenmesi
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 1998) Baş, Ahmet Levent; Başpınar, Nuri; Elmas, Muammer; Haliloğlu, Seyfullah; Yazar, Enver
In Ihis study, the effects ol combination of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and vitamin C at dilferenl doses on lunctions of bovine neuırophils (polymorphonuclear leucocytelPMNl), and the elfacts of dillerent ASA concenırations on accumulation of vitamin C in neutrophils were investigated. Neutrophils were obtained from six heatthy Holstein· heifers in University Dairy Herd. Phagocytic and microbicidal activity of PMNl were measured with fluorescent mic· roscopic technlque and intracellular vitamin C levels were detenııined by spectrophotometer. Inlracellular vitamin C le· vels were incerased by combination of ASA and vitamin C al different corıcentrations, bul this increase was not sta· tistically significanl. Furthenııore, phagocytic and microbicidal activity of PMNl were not statistically changed by these combinations.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CARDIOTOXICITY OF TULATHROMYCIN IN RABBITS
(AKADEMIAI KIADO ZRT, 2011) Er, Ayse; Altan, Feray; Cetin, Gul; Dik, Burak; Elmas, Muammer; Yazar, Enver
The aim of this study was to determine the cardiotoxic potency of tulathromycin. Tulathromycin (10 mg/kg, SC) was administered to ten adult male rabbits, and blood samples were obtained before and after drug administration (0 and 6 hours). Serum cardiac damage markers (troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase), routine serum biochemical values (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gammaglutamyltransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, amylase, total protein, albumin, glucose, calcium, ionised calcium, sodium, potassium), white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, arterial blood gas parameters (pH, partial carbon dioxide pressure, partial oxygen pressure, actual bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide, base excess in vivo, base excess in vitro, oxygen saturation, packed cell volume, haemoglobin) and serum oxidative status (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, retinol, beta-carotene) were measured. Increased levels of troponin I, creatine kinase-MB and creatinine, and decreased WBC counts, ionised calcium and potassium levels were observed after drug administration. Tulathromycin treatment may cause cardiotoxicity, but its effects may be less dramatic than those of other macrolide antibiotics frequently used in veterinary medicine.
Bazı Antimikrobiyel I?laçların Plazma ve Lenf Sıvısındaki Farmakokinetik Profillerinin Karşılaştırılması
(1999) Elmas, Muammer; Traş, Bünyamin
Some pharmacokinetic parameters and concentrations of four antimicrobial agents in plasma and lymph fluids were compared for determination of penetration into peripheral tissues. Eighteen healthy, adult sheep (Turk Merino x Hampshire cross, 18-24 month, weighing 32-37 kg) were used. For collection of lymph samples, the efferent vessel of NI, cervicalis superficialis sinister was cannulated with a polyethylene catheter. All antimicrobial agents were administered intramuscularly at single recommended doses (Chloramphenicol 30 mg/kg b.wt., Enrofloxacin 2.5 mg/kg b. wt., Sulphadoxine-trimethoprim 16 mg/kg b.wt). Subsequently, blood and lymph samples were concurrently obtained at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hr postinjection. Concentrations of these agents in all samples were analysed by HPLC. Concentrations of enrofloxacin in lymph fluids at all sampling times were found to be higher than plasma (p<0.01), but concentrations of sulphadoxine in plasma and lymph fluids at all sampling times were not found to be statistically different (p>0.05). The level of chloramphenicol in plasma was found to be higher than lymph fluid only at 2 hr (p<0.05). Concentration of trimethoprim in lymph fluids was found to be higher than plasma at 2 hr (p<0.02), but the level of lymph fluid was found to be lower than plasma at 4 hr after IM administration (p<0.002). However, levels of chloramphenicol and trimetoprim in plasma and lymph fluids were found to be similar at other sampling times. Ratios of lymph AUC(total) / AUC(total) of chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, sulphadoxine and trimethoprim were found to be 0.97, 1.37, 0.96 and 0.86, respectively. While differences between lymph AUC(total) and plasma AUC(total) of enrofloxacin were found to be statistically significant (p<0.003), the AUC(total) of other drugs in plasma and lymph fluids were found not to be significant (p>0.05). While terminal elimination half-lives (t 1/2?) of agents in plasma were found to be 2.47, 3.35, 3.94 and 2.39, the same parameters of agents in lymph fluids were found to be 2.30, 3.73, 4.01 and 2.85, respectively. There were no significant differences between these parameters of all agents (p>0.05). The results show that when enrofloxacin, sulphadoxine and trimethoprim were used at recommended doses and intervals, these drugs penetrated peripheral tissues quickly and at sufficient concentrations, and chloramphenicol also penetrated quickly into peripheral tissue, but this dosages regimen was inadequate to supply effective concentrations in tissues.
Bazı antimikrobiyel ilaçların plazma ve lenf sıvısındaki farmakokinetik profillerinin karşılaştırılması
(Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1997-06-05) Elmas, Muammer; Traş, Bünyamin
In this study, some pharmacokinetic parameters and concentrations of four antimicrobial agents in plasma and lymph fluids were compared for determine penetration into peripheral tissues. Eighteen healthy, adult sheep (Turk Merino x Hampshire cross, 18-24 month, weighing 32-37 kg) were used, as materials. For collecting of lymph samples, the efferent vessel of Nl. cervicalis superficialis sinister was cannulated with a polyethylene catheter. All antimicrobial agents were administered intramuscularly at single recommended doses (Chloramphenicol 30 mg/kg b.wt, Enrofloxacin 2.5 mg/kg b.wt., Sulphadoxme-trimethoprim 16 mg/kg b.wt.). Subsequently, blood and lymph samples were concurrently obtained at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hr postinjection. Concentrations of these agents in all samples were analysed by HPLC. Concentrations of enrofloxacin in lymph fluids at all sampling times were found higher than plasma (p< 0.01), but concentrations of sulphadoxine in plasma and lymph fluids at all sampling times were not found statistically differences (p> 0.05). Level of chloramphenicol in plasma was found higher than lymph fluid only at 2 hr (p< 0.05). Concentration of trimethoprim in lymph fluids was found higher than plasma at 2 hr (p< 0.02), but its level of lymph fluid was found lower compare to plasma at 4 hr after İM administration (p< 0.002). However, levels of chloramphenicol and trimetoprim in plasma and lymph fluids were found similar at other sampling times. Ratios of lymph AUC(totai) / plasma AUC(totai) of chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, sulphadoxine and trimethoprim were found 0.97, 1.37, 0.96 and 0.86, respectively. While differences between lymph AUQtaai) and plasma AUQwan of 46 eiirofloxacin were found statiscally significant (p< 0.003), AUC(totai) of other drugs in plasma and lymph fluids were found no significantly (p> 0.05). While terminal elimination half-life (t 1/2 P) of agents in plasma were found 2.47, 3.35, 3.94 and 2.39, same parameters of agents in lymph fluids were found 2.30, 3.73, 4.01 and 2.85, respectively. It was not significantly differences between this parameters of all agents (p> 0.05). The result show that when enrofloxacin, sulphadoxine and trimethoprim were used at recommended doses and intervals, these drugs penetrated quickly and enough concentrations into peripheral tissues, and also chloramphenicol penetrated quickly into peripheral tissue but this dosages regimen was inadequate to supply effective concentrations in tissues.
Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Levofloxacin Following Intravenous, Intramuscular and Oral Administration in Turkeys
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2014) Aboubakr, Mohamed; Üney, Kamil; Elmas, Muammer
1. The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of levofloxacin in turkeys were investigated after a single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral (PO) administration of 10mg/kg body weight.2. The concentrations of levofloxacin in plasma samples were assayed using a microbiological assay method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis.3. Following IV administration, the elimination half-life (t(0.5())), volume of distribution at steady state (Vd(ss)) and total body clearance (Cl) were 4.49h, 1.31l/kg and 0.23l/h/kg, respectively.4. After single IM and PO administrations at the same dose, levofloxacin was rapidly absorbed as indicated by an absorption half-life (t(0.5ab)) of 1.02 and 0.76h, respectively; maximum plasma concentrations (C-max) of 5.59 and 5.15g/ml were obtained at a maximum time (T-max) of 2 h for both routes and levofloxacin bioavailability (F) was 96.5h and 79.9% respectively after IM and PO administration. In vitro plasma protein binding of levofloxacin was 24.3%.5. Based on these pharmacokinetic parameters, a dose of 10mg/kg body weight given intramuscularly or orally every 24h in turkeys can maintain effective plasma concentrations with bacterial infections with (minimum inhibitory concentration) MIC90>0.1g/ml.
The bioequivalence determination of two different formulations of enrofloxacin in heifers following intramuscular administration
(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2010) Yilmaz, Ismet; Elmas, Muammer
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence (BE) of two medicinal products of enrofloxacin, which have been also marketed as 10% injectable solution in Turkey, after the intramuscular injection (IM) at a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg of BW in the heifers. The present study was performed on healthy 6 Swiss-Brown (12-18 months and 340-400 kg BW) heifers. This study was carried out on the based a single dose cross-over design. Blood samples were taken into sterilized tubes just before, and 10(th), 20(th), 30(th), 45(th), 60(th) and 90(th) min. and 2(th), 3(th), 4(th), 6(th), 8(th), 12(th) and 24(th) h following injections. The plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin (ENR) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) following the extraction process. The plasma concentration-time curves for each animals showed that both products distributed according two-compartment open model. The basic pharmacokinetic parameters at this study were only the AUC(0-24) and AUC(total) were statistically significant (P<0.05) before logarithmic (log) transformation. Log transformed the AUC(0-24), AUC(total) and C(max) parameters and observed t(max) were used in BE evaluation. Minimum, maximum and mean AUC(0-24) AUC(total) and C(max) for A and B products were found in the acceptable ranges (70-143%). For the t(max) value log transformation has not been done and that were determined within the limits 80-125%. As a result; it is concluded that both products could be used instead of each other as an "inter-changeable drugs".
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Tissue Concentrations of Parent Drug and Ciprofloxacin After Intramuscular Administrations of Free and Liposome-encapsulated Enrofloxacin in Rabbits
(BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH, 2002) Elmas, Muammer; Yazar, Enver; Baş, A.L.; Traş, Bünyamin; Bayezit, M.; Yapar, K.
Pharmacokinetic properties and tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were compared after intramuscular (i.m.) administrations of free and liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin at the dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (bw). Twelve healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were used in the experiment. Blood samples were obtained at 10, 20, 40, 60 and 90 min and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h and tissue samples were collected 24 h after injection. Concentrations of drugs in serum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetics were best described by a two-compartment open model. Results indicated that absorption rate was slow, peak concentration was higher (P<0.05), and the time to peak concentration (t(max) congruent to 1.5 h) was significantly longer (P<0.05) for liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin (LEE) when compared with free enrofloxacin. Values of elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)=12.9 h) and mean residence time (MRT=17.6 h) of liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin were longer (P<0.05) and total clearance (Cl = 0.43 l/h/kg) was lower than those of free form. Moreover, the distribution volume at steady-state (V-d(ss)=14.4 l/kg) of enrofloxacin administered encapsulated into liposomes was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of free enrofloxacin (FE). The tissue levels of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin after LEE injection were not different (P>0.05) from FE. In conclusion, the result of present study suggest that LEE may be a beneficial and valuable formulation in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by sensitive pathogens in animals, providing sustained drug release from injection side and prolonged therapeutic serum concentrations after i.m. administration.
Determination of Intracellular (Neutrophil and Monocyte) Concentrations of Free and Liposome Encapsulated Ampicillin in Sheep
(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2006) Yazar, Enver; Baş, Ahmet Levent; Birdane, Yavuz Osman; Yapar, Kürşad; Elmas, Muammer; Traş, Bünyamin
In the current study, intracellular ( neutrophil and monocyte) concentrations of free and liposome encapsulated ampicillin in sheep were investigated. Free ampicillin ( 5 mg/kg b.w.) and liposome encapsulated ampicillin ( 5 mg/kg b.w.) were administered as a bolus intravenous injection to sheep. After the injections, blood samples ( 5 ml) were collected into tubes from v. jugularis at 10, 30, 60 minutes and 2, 4 and 8 hours. Neutrophils and monocytes were isolated, and lysed in distilled water. Ampicillin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that liposome encapsulated ampicillin caused the higher intracellular concentrations within neutrophil ( ratio of liposome encapsulated ampicillin/free ampicillin; from 1.393 to 5.416) and monocyte ( ratio of liposome encapsulated ampicillin/free ampicillin; from 0.973 to 2.906) cells than free ampicillin, and liposome encapsulated ampicillin existed a longer length of time within neutrophil ( 4 hours) and monocyte ( 4 hours) cells than free ampicillin ( 60 minutes), as well. This formulation may be beneficial, in that the treatment of intracellular infections are caused by sensitive bacteria.
Determination of Intracellular Concentrations of Free and Two Types of Liposome-Encapsulated Enrofloxacin in Anatolian Shepherd Dog Monocytes
(Blackwell Verlag Gmbh, 2002) Baş, Ahmet Levent; Şimşek, Atilla; Çorlu, M.; Yazar, Enver; Elmas, Muammer; Değim, Zeliha Gül
In this study, it was evaluated the accumulation of free and two types of liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin (LEE) at the doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mu g/ml, which were clinically relevant concentrations into monocytes of healthy Anatolian shepherd dogs. Enrofloxacin was encapsulated with two different types of liposome in multilamellar large vesicles (MLV). Type A MLV composed of 15 mg egg phosphatidylcholine and 35 mg cholesterol, Type B MLV composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol and enrofloxacin, in a molar ratio of 1 : 1 : 1. The mean sizes of Type A and Type B liposome were found to be 7.65 and 4.27 mu m, respectively. However, the mean encapsulation rate determined of Type A (13 +/- 2%) was found lower than Type B liposome (44 +/- 3%). The amounts of intracellular enrofloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Type B LEE accumulated significantly higher level into monocytes when compared to free drug or Type A liposome. This study showed that Type B LEE markedly concentrated within monocytes and may improve the antibacterial efficacy of the antibiotic.
Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Determination of Cefquinome Concentrations in Sheep Plasma and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies
(AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 2011) Uney, Kamil; Altan, Feray; Elmas, Muammer
Cefquinome has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and was developed especially for use in animals. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV-visible detection for quantification of cefquinome concentrations in sheep plasma was developed and validated. Separation of cefquinome from plasma components was achieved on a Phenomenex Gemini C-18 column (250 mm by 4.6 mm; internal diameter [i.d.], 5 mu m). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and was delivered at a rate of 0.9 ml/min. A simple and rapid sample preparation involved the addition of methanol to 200 mu l of plasma to precipitate plasma proteins followed by direct injection of 50 mu l of supernatant into the high-performance liquid chromatography system. The linearity range of the proposed method was 0.02 to 12 mu g/ml. The intraday and interday coefficients of variation obtained from cefquinome were less than 5%, and biases ranged from -3.76% to 1.24%. Mean recovery based on low-, medium-, and high-quality control standards ranged between 92.0 and 93.9%. Plasma samples were found to be stable in various storage conditions (freeze-thaw, postpreparative, short-term, and long-term stability). The method described was found to be readily available, practicable, cheap, rapid, sensitive, precise, and accurate. It was successfully applied to the study of the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in sheep. This method can be very useful and an alternate to performing pharmacokinetic studies in the determination of cefquinome for clinical use.
The Disposition and Milk Levels of Sulfamethoxazole - Trimethoprim Combination After Intrauterine Administration in Lactating Cows During Post-Partum
(Indian Veterinary Journal, 2000) Elmas, Muammer; Tras, Bunyamin; Bas, Ahmet levent; Yazar, Enver; Umitli, Seyit; Birdane, Yavuz Osman
The sulphonamide-trimethoprim combinations are commonly used yia intrauterine administration in the therapy of genital diseases of large animals in Turkey (Elmas et a/., 1999; Kaya, 1998). Several workers have studied the absorption and elimination of various sulphonamidetrimethoprim combinations in different species (Chaudray et al., 1987; Boyd and Allen,,1989;Eimas etal., loc.cit }, However, no pharmacokinetic studies have been carried. out on the use of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) - trimethoprim (TMP) in lactating cows during post-partum. We investigated the disposition of SMZ-TMP combination along with passing ratio to milk following intrauterine bolus administration in cows during, post-partum.
Dokularda ilaç konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesinde kullanılan örnekleme yöntemleri
(2007) Avcı, Tülay; Elmas, Muammer
Antibiyotiklerin ve diğer birçok ilacın faraıakokinetik çalışmaları genellikle plazma zaman-konsantrasyon eğrisi verilerine dayanmaktadır. Ancak birçok hastalık doku aralıklarında meydana gelmektedir. Bu nedenle asıl hedef bölge olan dokulararası sıvıdaki serbest antibiyotik konsantrasyonunun antibakteriyel etkiden sorumlu olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu derlemede doku ekstraselüler sıvısı örnekleme yöntemleri özetlenmiştir.
Effect of etanercept on cytokines and 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha concentrations during endotoxemia
(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012) Er, Ayşe; Dik, Burak; Altan, Feray; Çetin, Gül; Üney, Kamil; Elmas, Muammer; Yazar, Enver
[Abstract not Available]
Effect of flunixin meglumine on cytokine levels in experimental Endotoxemia in mice
(WILEY, 2007) Yazar, Enver; Er, Ayşe; Üney, Kamil; Altunok, Vahdettin; Elmas, Muammer
In this study, effect of flunixin meglumine on serum tumour necrosis factor alpha, (TNF alpha) interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 levels was investigated in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic mice. Healthy 273 Balb/C mice were used and divided into three equal groups. Group 1 was injected lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli 0 111:134, 250 mu g/mouse, intraperitoneally), Group 2 was injected flunixin meglumine (2.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously), and Group 3 was injected lipopolysaccharide + flunixin meglumine. After the treatments, at 0., 1., 2., 3., 6., 12., 24th hours and 3., 5., 7. 14., 21., 28th days blood samples were taken from seven mice in each group. Serum TNF alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 levels were measured using commercially available kits by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Flunixin meglumine did not affect the cytokine levels in healthy animals. While lipopolysaccharide increased serum TNF alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 levels, flunixin meglumine inhibited increases at levels of all cytokines. As result, flunixin meglumine showed depressor effect on cytokine levels in endotoxemia and the effect may be a reason for the first chosen member of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug in endotoxemia.
The effect of furosemide and acetazolamide induced ion trapping phenomena on renal excretion of chemicals
(1998) Traş, Bünyamin; Ok, Mahmut; Elmas, Muammer; Şen, İsmail; Baş, Ahmet Levent; Tanyıldızı, Sadettin
Bu deneysel çalışma, zorunlu diürezis ile vücuttan atılımı artırmak için kimyasalların pKa değerine göre diüretik ilaç seçiminin önemini ortaya koymak üzere gerçekleştirildi. Denemede, ağırlıkları 15-20 kg arasında değişen 15 adet köpek kullanıldı. Köpekler Grup I, II ve III olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı ve her gruptaki köpeklere 1 ml'sinde 200 mg sülfadoksin ve 40 mg trimetoprim içeren Animar (Roche)'dan İM yolla yüksek dozda injekte edildi. Grup Il'deki hayvanlara Animar enjeksiyonundan 2 saat sonra İM yolla 5 mg/kg dozunda furosemid uygulandı. Üçüncü gruptaki hayvanlara ise Animar uygulamasını takibeden 1. ve 8. saatlerde toplam 200 mg dozunda asetazolamid ikiye bölünerek oral yolla verildi. Toplanan kan ve idrar numunelerindeki sülfadoksin ve trimetoprim konsantrasyonları HPLC yardımı ile belirlendi. Asetazolamidin sülfadoksinin, furosemidin ise trimetoprimin böbrekten atılımı üzerinde daha etkili olduğu gözlendi. Asetazolamid idrar pH'sını önemli, oranda artırırken, furosemid çok az derecede bir düşüşe neden oldu. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, kimyasalların böbrekten atılımı üzerine, diüretiklerin potansiyel etkilerinden daha çok diğer faktörlerin etkili olabileceğini ortaya koydu.
Effect of Multiple-Dose Administration of Cefquinome on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Horse
(2019) Altan, Feray; Erol, Hanifi; Altan, Semih; Arıcan, Mustafa; Elmas, Muammer; Üney, Kamil
The negative impact of multiple ascending doses of cefquinome (CFQ) on hematological and serum biochemical profile of horseunknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple ascending doses of cefquinome (CFQ) in horses on thefollowing hematological (WBCs, LYM, MON, GRA, RBCs, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, and PLT) and biochemical parameters (ALB,ALP, ALT, AST, CH, CR, GGT, LDH, TB, TP, TRIG, and BUN). The study was performed on the sixteen mature horses (4.6 2.1 years, 302 38 kg). Four dosages of CFQ were applied as Group I; 1 mg/kg, Group II; 2 mg/kg, Group III; 4 mg/kg and Group IV; 6 mg/kg, and eachanimal received intravenously a total of 13 injections, administered every 12 h for 7 days. The hematological and biochemicalparameters of horses were monitored on the before 0 day and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after the administration of the first CFQ. Nosignificant differences in serum biochemical parameters were found amongst the groups (p0.05). Significant differences were found incertain hematological parameters (MONO, GRAN, RBC, HB, HCT, MCH, and PCT) amongst the groups (p0.05) within the referenceranges. These results indicate that the administration of multiple doses of up to 6 mg/kg of CFQ in the horse had no clinically significantimpact on the blood parameters measured.
Effect of Phenobarbital on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Blood Gas Parameters in Balb/C Mice
(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2001) Demir, O.; Yazar, Enver; Altunok, Vahdettin; Elmas, Muammer; Özdemir, Vural
In this study, effect of Phenobarbital was investigated on antioxidant enzyme activities and blood gas parameters in Balb/C mice. Forty male Balb/C mice were used. Ten mice were served as a control group, and thirty mice were administered phenobarbital (80 mg/kg body weight, orally, single administration). Blood, brain and liver samples were taken at 6, 12 and 24 hours after administration. Brain and liver tissues superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured by spectrophotometry, and blood gas parameters were measured with blood gas analyzer. As results, phenobarbital caused temporary respiratory acidosis and a decrease in brain tissue superoxide dismutase activity.
Effect of Tilmicosin on Cardiac Muscle and Serum Creatine Kinases Activities and Serum Total Protein Level in Healthy Male Balb/C Mice
(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2001) Yazar, Enver; Altunok, Vahdettin; Elmas, Muammer; Traş, Bünyamin; Baş, Ahmet Levent; Özdemir, Vural
In this study, the effect of tilmicosin on cardiac muscle and serum creatine kinases activities and serum total protein level was investigated. Forty male Balb/C mice were used as materials. Ten mice were used as a control group, and thirty mice were injected with tilmicosin (25 mg/kg body weight, SC, single injection) and monitored for 3 days. The results obtained in the present study show that use of tilmicosin caused temporary increases in cardiac muscle creatine kinase activity and serum total protein level in male Balb/C mice.
The Effect of Tilmicosin on Cardiac Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities
(Blackwell Verlag Gmbh, 2002) Yazar, Enver; Altunok, Vahdettin; Elmas, Muammer; Traş, Bünyamin; Baş, Ahmet Levent; Özdemir, V.
In this study, the effect of tilmicosin on cardiac superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities was investigated. Forty male BALB/c mice were used as material. Ten mice served as a control group, and 30 mice were injected with tilmicosin (25 mg/kg body weight. subcutaneously. with a single injection). After drug administration, they were monitored for 3 days. Tilmicosin caused decreases in cardiac superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities.
Effect of Tilmicosin on Serum Creatine Kinase, Creatine Kinase-MB and Troponin I Levels in New Zealand White Rabbits
(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh CO, 2002) Yazar, Enver; Birdane, Yavuz Osman; Elmas, Muammer; Traş, Bünyamin; Baş, Ahmet Levent
In this study, the effect of tilmicosin on creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB and troponin I levels were investigated to determine the possible cardiotoxic effect. Ten male White New Zealand rabbits were used as materials and tilmicosin was injected at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, subcutanously, by single injection. Blood samples were taken before the injection (=control) and at 6 hours after injection. Tilmicosin caused increases in creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB and troponin I levels. However, especially histopathological examinations have to be made for fully determination of tilmicosin cardiotoxicity in rabbits.

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